This chapter examines Turkey’s use of transnational repression, arguing that it is a function of three key drivers: threat perception in globalized conflicts, democratic backsliding under the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government, and the instrumentalization of diaspora communities for geopolitical purposes. Turkey employs diverse mechanisms ranging from direct violence and surveillance to indirect pressure through religious institutions and pro-government diaspora networks, as well as mediated approaches that leverage international organizations and diplomatic pressure. The chapter demonstrates how domestic political developments—particularly the 1980 coup, Kurdish conflict escalation, and the 2016 coup attempt—correlate with intensified transnational repression. These practices have complicated Turkey’s relationship with European states and the European Union, as well as with the US and NATO, while also contributing to brain drain via increased emigration. The case illustrates broader challenges to the liberal international order, with Turkey as an EU candidate state and NATO member able to leverage its strategic importance to limit international consequences. The chapter concludes by assessing recent political developments and the prospects for continuity or change in Turkey’s transnational repression practices.