Several significant institutional changes regarding state and municipal land and real estate policies were implemented around the turn of the millennium in Finland. First, an unincorporated state-owned enterprise known as Senate Properties was established to manage state real estate and allocate premises for different branches of state administration. Senate Properties operates under the Ministry of Finance and is tasked with reorganising state premises and disposing of any real estate that through this reorganisation becomes distinguished as a surplus. Second, the management of municipal land and real estate was moved from public offices to revenue-seeking public utility companies. Whereas the offices would traditionally have allocated land for schools, libraries and health care centres for free, under public utility companies public services were made rent paying tenants (Haila 2016). Like the central state, these utility companies of local states were increasingly concerned with two matters: efficiency in land use and getting rid of surplus land. And third, in 2001 the Land Use and Building Act replaced the old Building Act of 1958. The new act introduced important changes to the land use legislation. The act legalised land use contracts, giving more room for partnerships between municipalities, landowners and developers. And it removed the obligation to have city plans ratified by a state official, substituting it with participatory planning that purports to give residents a stronger voice in planning and land use. In this chapter I discuss these three changes regarding state land management, municipal land policy and land use legislation in turn.