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The Making of Fisheries Policy (France, 1680s–1860s)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 November 2025
This article is based on an analysis of some thirty fishing experiments carried out on the coast of the English Channel between the 1680s and the 1860s. It describes the early development of an experimental way of governing marine resources under the ancien régime, followed by its gradual normalization over the course of the nineteenth century. As the article shows, the fishing policies designed to ensure the conservation of these resources were the result of negotiation between the French ministry of the Navy and fishing communities, whose monopoly on the production of fishing knowledge enabled them to defend their technical and legal specificities.
Fondé sur l’analyse d’une trentaine d’expériences de pêche réalisées sur les côtes de la Manche entre les années 1680 et 1860, cet article décrit les premières manifestations d’un mode de gouvernement expérimental des ressources de la mer sous l’Ancien Régime, puis sa normalisation progressive au cours du xixe siècle. Il montre comment les mesures de police des pêches destinées à assurer la conservation de ces ressources sont le résultat d’une négociation entre l’administration centrale de la marine et les communautés de pêcheurs, dont le monopole sur la production du savoir halieutique leur permet de défendre leur particularisme technique et juridique.
This article was first published in French as “Les savoirs de l’expérience. Une enquête sur la fabrique de la police des pêches (France, années 1680–1860),” in “Sociétés maritimes et mondes de la pêche,” special issue, Annales HSS 78, no. 2 (2023): 231–69, doi 10.1017/ahss.2023.71. It was translated by Juliet Powys and edited by Chloe Morgan.
This article is the result of research undertaken in 2018 as part of a postdoctoral project at the Centre Alexandre-Koyré, Paris, funded by a grant from the LabEx Hastec (Histoire et anthropologie des savoirs, des techniques et des croyances). I would like to extend my warmest thanks to Jean-Baptiste Fressoz, Frédéric Graber, Alice Ingold, Thomas Le Roux, and Dinah Ribard, who helped me improve the text by agreeing to read and critique it at different stages of its progress. I would also like to thank the members of the Annales editorial board, in particular Guillaume Calafat and Antonella Romano, for their advice, as well as the two anonymous peer reviewers.
This is a translation of:Les savoirs de l’expérience