The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the inequities in U.S. healthcare in ways that captured public attention and reinforced the need to view all of healthcare through an equity lens. It also exposed global inequities in access to healthcare technologies. At Rockefeller University, we participate in the entire spectrum of translational research, but our focus is in the areas of basic research and new methods to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, extending to proof of concept preclinical and Phase 1 studies. Since we believe that all phases of translational research should have an equity lens, we have instituted an initiative to encourage thought and planning about global equitable access to discoveries made by our trainee Clinical Scholars and faculty, even at the earliest phases of basic research. Assuring global equitable access to new technologies requires addressing at least 3 different aspects of new technology: 1. Patenting and licensing, 2. Manufacturing, and 3. Dissemination and implementation in low- and middle-income countries. In this review, I focus on patenting and licensing and offer ten questions for inventors to consider in discussing licensing their technologies with technology transfer officers to maximize equitable global access to the technologies they create.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1) illustrate the varied challenges individuals with a cocaine use disorder experience in daily life, 2) demonstrate techniques for empathizing and building rapport with potential subjects, and 3) identify recruitment obstacles and solutions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods: We use a multi-source strategy to recruit our participants and employ practical techniques to enhance protocol adherence. Methods include a welcoming environment, establishing a routine with flexibility, personalized attention, and incentives for participation. Study population: Individuals with a cocaine use disorder. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Understanding the life of an individual with a cocaine use disorder is paramount to successful recruitment and retention in addiction research studies. Our clinicians have been able to recruit and retain participants successfully by employing empathetic interpersonal skills, personalized attention, and health-related incentives. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 69,029 people died of a drug overdose during the period from February 2018 to February 2019, with 23%, due to cocaine. While methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance treatment allow opioid-dependent individuals achieve a sense of physical and mental stability, there is no pharmaceutical treatment to help a cocaine-dependent individual cope with cravings or the depression and anxiety that typically follow a cocaine binge. The development of a cocaine use disorder is multi-factorial and presents a significant challenge in terms of discovering treatments, identifying efficient recruitment and retention strategies is the first step for effective research.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with Latina immigrant mothers’ hesitancy in having their 9-12 year old daughters vaccinated against HPV despite a physician recommendation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The data analyzed for this study was from a previous effort that examined the efficacy of an intervention to promote HPV vaccination among daughters (9-12 years of age) of Latina immigrants (N=317) through a randomized trial. Baseline data among Latina immigrant mothers with unvaccinated daughters was collected prior to this intervention. Participants were surveyed on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV, and intention to vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine if recommended by the daughter’s physician. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Out of 317 participants, 205 reported willingness to vaccinate following a physician recommendation (64.7%) while 112 reported hesitancy (defined as an answer of “maybe”) to vaccinate their daughters (35.3%). None of the participants indicated “no”. No sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy except for the daughter’s health insurance status (p = 0.03). A significant difference existed in the mother’s perceived risk of cervical cancer in herself based on hesitancy and willingness to vaccination (p < 0.001). Mother’s awareness of HPV (p < 0.0001), knowledge of HPV (p < 0.01), her perceived risk of HPV infection in herself (p < 0.01) and in her daughter (p < 0.0001), and her worry about her daughter being infected with HPV (p = 0.02) were also significant. Finally, there were differences among mothers in confidence of being able to have their daughters complete all three doses of the vaccine (p < 0.0001), and having the time (p < 0.0001) and the money (p < 0.0001) to complete the vaccination series. Factors that were significant in the univariate analysis were then incorporated into a binary logistic multivariable regression. HPV knowledge score was excluded from this analysis due to its limited sample size (n = 169). The five variables that were strongly associated with the outcome of vaccine hesitancy included: HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of HPV infection in their daughter, confidence in the ability to receive all three shots in vaccine series, confidence in being able to afford the vaccine series, and daughter’s health insurance. All were positively correlated with intention to vaccinate except for daughter’s health insurance status. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Despite research showing Latinos are pro-vaccination and the association between HCP provider recommendation and vaccine acceptability among parents, over 35% of Latina immigrant mothers in our study were still hesitant about having their daughters vaccinated against HPV following a physician recommendation. Factors that strongly contributed to this hesitancy included HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of their daughter being infected with HPV, self-efficacy (ability to receive all required shots and finding time to complete the HPV vaccination series), and daughter’s health insurance status. These results indicate that HCP recommendation may be not enough of a driving factor to motivate Latina immigrant mothers to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Further research efforts should focus on heightening perceived risk of HPV infection, improving knowledge of HPV, and boosting their self-efficacy to get their children vaccinated against HPV.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Many researchers aim to build trust with communities and participants. Trust building is meant to achieve greater representation across aspects of research whether in participation, or more comprehensively as partners from design to dissemination. We provide practical guidance for trust building activities and the ethical issues that can arise. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: While trust itself is inherently seen as an ethical good, often little attention is paid to the ethical aspects of trust building exercises themselves and the fact that trust can vary in type. Using a bioethical analysis of trustworthiness, we discuss how to approach trust in different relationships and settings. Explicit communication about the supports/constraints and potential outcomes of new trusted relationships is required for ethical practice. Where relationships are built without appropriate transparency and follow through, or with misunderstandings about potential shared values, priorities, or desired outcomes, significant harms can occur in the short- and long term. Using a bioethical framework and practical examples we provide guidance on how to engage in ethical trust building activities. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: While many people are good at the trust building work they do, this work is often not shared as best practices and is ascribed to individual skill. This is slowly changing and an evidence-base is being developed that can support those new to these activities. Ethical guidance to support trust building practices, especially for those new to these activities, is currently lacking. By providing both a conceptual and normative bioethical analysis grounded in practice, we provide the foundations for new activities and the necessary support for work that explores and determines best practices. This analysis provides an understanding of trust including a taxonomy and a discussion of how different types of trust can be built and can support research activities, as well as problems that can arise. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Trust building activities with communities and participants are crucial to much of translational science and research, but ethical guidance on how to engage in these activities well is lacking. We provide bioethical guidance and offer practical recommendations.

Objectives/Goals: This poster presents a landscape analysis of UM1 CTSI community engagement (CE) programs. The University of Michigan (U-M) CTSI, CE team compared services and supports across 27 UM1 CTSIs to identify best practices, unique offerings, and potential models to adopt or adapt to strengthen support for community engaged research (CEnR) at U-M. Methods/Study Population: UM1 websites (n=27) were reviewed to assess publicly available information on CE supports, with focus on CTSIs CE cores. Key elements analyzed included missions, advisory structures, service portfolios, funding and training opportunities, and digital accessibility. Attention was given to how CE cores foster bidirectional learning, build trust, lower barriers to collaboration, and sustain networks – all essential for advancing translational science. Findings and recommendations were compiled to inform possible improvements and new strategies for the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR), CE program. Results/Anticipated Results: All CTSIs reviewed operated a CE core, with common offerings in funding and translating science to impact. Over 90% featured community engagement studios; less than 20% charged fees for services. Most (70%) used community advisory boards (CABs) to guide the overall CTSI. Additional services include consultations, matchmaking, and capacity-building to create bridges from early-stage research proposal development through results with real-world impact. Several innovative external models were identified along with unique MICHR offerings.#_msocom_1 Discussion/Significance of Impact: This analysis highlights the diversity and commonalities of CE services across UM1 CTSIs, reveals limitations due to online data availability, and identifies opportunities for MICHR to adopt or adapt external best practices to better support community-engaged research and translational science.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: T cell dysfunction is a dominant suppressor of anti-tumor immunity, reducing immunotherapeutic efficacy and benefit to patients; our work will identify novel mediators of this process for both therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism, allowing for both potential immediate clinical utility and identification of future targets based on new mechanistic insights. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: T cell dysfunction is a dominant suppressor of anti-tumor immunity, reducing immunotherapeutic efficacy and clinical benefit to the majority of patients. We aim to interrogate a novel mediator of dysfunction identified from transcriptome analyses, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme isoform 2 (PKM2), for therapeutic utility and underlying mechanism. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Transcriptome analyses of CD8+ lymphocytes from tumor-bearing lungs from both murine KrasG12D p53-/- and human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were performed, and differentially expressed genes identified. Flow cytometric analyses for PKM isoform expression and effects of target knockdown on accumulation of dysfunctional characteristics, including checkpoint and transcription factor expression, proliferation, and cytokine production, were performed using an in vitro co-culture of murine antigen-specific T (OT-I) cells and antigen-expressing NSCLC (HKP1-ova) cells. In vivo examination of the same was performed using adoptive transfer of OT-I cells into immunocompetent recipient mice with engraftment of HKP1-ova cells, and subsequent evaluation of mouse survival and T cell phenotypes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Transcriptome analyses demonstrated that PKM expression was upregulated in dysfunctional T cells from both murine and human samples. This was confirmed both in vitro with co-culture and in vivo with adoptive transfer approaches, with both activated and dysfunctional OT-I cells expressing higher levels of isoform 2 of PKM than naive OT-I cells. Expression of PKM2 mimicked the kinetics of the transcription factor Tox, a known driver of dysfunction, and knockdown of PKM2 resulted in reduced granzyme B expression, and increased proportions of progenitors with fewer terminally differentiated dysfunctional cells. Knockdown of PKM2 in adoptively-transferred OT-I cells led to enhanced tumor control; results are being extended to other tumor models, and T cells metabolically profiled with PKM2 manipulation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This work identified a novel mediator of dysfunction whose targeting has the potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, targeting PKM2 led to altered T cell differentiation to a dysfunctional state, linking metabolic phenotypes to these traits and underlining the importance and therapeutic potential of T cell metabolic pathways.

Objectives/Goals: Arterial stiffness is a determinant of vascular health. Older Black females exhibit greater arterial stiffness than White females. Exercise minimizes negative health effects of prolonged exposure to adverse social determinants of health (SDoH). Here, we will assess the role of exercise on race differences in arterial stiffness and SDoH in females. Methods/Study Population: We will recruit 96 postmenopausal females (48 Black, 48 White) from the Birmingham, AL area. Graded exercise tests will be used to define training status (“trained”: VO2max ≥60th percentile, “untrained”: ≤35th percentile). We will assess arterial stiffness via pulse wave velocity (SphygmoCor XCEL). SDoH will include income, education, neighborhood deprivation, racial discrimination, food insecurity, and healthcare access, all measured via corresponding surveys. We will then perform a two-way analysis of variance (race × training status) to assess the differences in arterial stiffness between groups. Through linear regression, we will evaluate the statistical relations between arterial stiffness and race, training status, and SDoH. Results/Anticipated Results: Our central hypothesis is that Black females will have greater arterial stiffness, by way of greater exposure to adverse SDoH, than White females, but that habitual aerobic exercise will attenuate this race difference. Ultimately, we aim to inform future clinical trials related to understanding female-specific cardiovascular disease progression. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Black females face significant exposure to adverse SDoH and have the highest rates of cardiovascular disease in the United States. However, females are still widely underrepresented in relevant research. This will be the first study to examine the roles of aerobic exercise, race, and SDoH in cardiovascular disease risk among females.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We aim to share information about the Trailblazer Award Pilot Grants, which support collaborative, community engaged research projects with potential to improve health equity in Indiana, and achievements of awardees in terms of publications and funded external grants. We also share plans to expand the impact of the pilot grant process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data on publications and funded grant applications resulting from Trailblazer Award-funded projects were obtained from progress reports completed by the projects’ principal investigators. Awardees submit annual progress reports throughout the project and five years following the close of the project. On these progress reports, awardees list the publications that they have submitted, and their publication status, and external grants submitted and funded. Because some progress reports were never submitted, and projects which began in 2021 or 2022 are not complete, and are therefore likely to have additional publications and grants result from their projects, our results likelyunderestimate the number of publications and grants resulting from these projects. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Below are a number of charts which illustrate the outcomes of Trailblazer Award projects from years 2015 through 2022, including: the number of applications received as compared to the number of applications funded; the academic institutions of the academic partners on awarded projects throughout the state of Indiana; the general topic areas of all funded projects; and the number of publications and funded grants resulting from Trailblazer Award-funded projects, as reported by awardees. We have found that, in recent years, while the amount of publications by awardees have stayed roughly the same, the numbers of funded external grants resulting from Trailblazer-funded projects have decreased somewhat. [blob:https://acts.slayte.com/8404bbca-3054-4f57-9d36-cd8d6152841b] [blob:https://acts.slayte.com/6b43bd70-fe90-494a-be1a-c091a6ab924d][blob:https://acts.slayte.com/b0e2b7f6-1604-4379-94df-efccdc2e51c2][blob:https://acts.slayte.com/c1a591a7-2a0e-4f6d-ade1-027bb389ef68] DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We will implement changes for Trailblazer projects, including hosting workshops on disseminating findings and applying for external funding, and helping awardees to form partnerships within their topic area. We believe providing these resources to awardees will increase publications and grant funding, thereby allowing their work to continue.#_msocom_1.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Diabetes is a group of chronic metabolic diseases and significant gaps remain in our understanding of disease etiology, treatment regimens, and diabetes-related complications. The objective of study is to demonstrate how informatics techniques can leverage real-world data for diabetes research and identify barriers for implementation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We evaluated informatics applications of real-world data in diabetes research conducted by the Facelli Research Group. The types of real-world data were categorized into clinical records, diabetes-related repositories, wearable sensors, and other data sources. Translational informatics applications were characterized into thematic groups of 1.) use of electronic health records, registries, and claims and other data sources to generate real-world evidence, 2.) evolution of novel methods to accelerate generation and use of real-world data, and 3.) infrastructure to support the generation and use of real-world data in translational science. A literature review is being conducted to identify additional articles meeting these themes focused on diabetes research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 6 research projects were included for analysis. The diabetes-focus spanned type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and general diabetes mellitus. Informatics methods included machine learning and data mining while real-world data sources included electronic medical records, the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, continuous glucose monitors, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air pollution monitors. Overall, computability of real-world data, linkage of medical concepts to standardized terminologies, volume of data, and adoption of novel artificial intelligence methods were major determinants of successful implementation. Future work will systematically evaluate informatics applications of real-world data in diabetes from the academic community at large. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Translational informatics approaches are poised to leverage real-world data and better understand diabetes etiology, treatment regimens, and diabetes-related complications. By understanding barriers and opportunities for informatics methods, we can expedite translational applications in diabetes research.

Objectives/Goals: Community members in North Central Florida who were identified with high mental health burden, through completion of a Health Needs Assessment in our community engagement program, experienced higher rates of health disparities like food insecurity, recent marijuana use, and burden of disease compared to persons with lower mental health burden. Methods/Study Population: Data were collected through HealthStreet, a University of Florida community engagement program to reduce disparities in healthcare and research. Multivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify differences between community members with high mental health burden (HMHB; reported depression and scored 8–10 on the stress/loneliness scale) and people with low mental health burden (LMHB; no reported depression and scored 1–7 on the stress/loneliness scale) on age, sex, race, food insecurity, trust in research/researchers, recent marijuana use, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Results/Anticipated Results: Among 3,736 CMs, 21.9% (n = 819) were considered to have high mental health burden. They were statistically significantly more likely to be middle-aged (37.9% vs. 31.2% LMHB), food insecure (62.6% vs. 35.2% LMHB), self-reported marijuana use in the past 30 days (29.2% vs. 15.5% LMHB), and experienced anxiety (70.8% vs. 34.4% LMHB). There were no differences by sex or trust. Discussion/Significance of Impact: People with HMHB do in fact have more disparities than people with LMHB but trust in research(ers) is not affected. These disparities contribute to significant distress over the lifespan. HealthStreet has engaged people with higher mental health burden and provided social referrals, which is crucial to reduce disparities and improve outcomes.

Objectives/Goals: To develop a user-friendly tool to simplify the Trillium Drug Program (TDP) application process, addressing barriers for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users aged 25 to 64 years. This project may also serve as a scalable model for improving accessibility across other service delivery programs. Methods/Study Population: This study uses the Translational Research Framework to create and refine an online TDP guide. Participants include Ontario residents aged 23 to 64 years. Challenges are identified in the “Understand” phase, while user-driven feedback in the “Act” phase iteratively enhances the tool. Virtual prototyping interviews via Zoom will assess user experience, and error rates will be evaluated by comparing tool suggestions with verified mock scenarios. Twenty participants will test the tool in two iterations: Version 1 from January to February 2025, and Version 2 based on feedback from February to March 2025. Results/Anticipated Results: It is anticipated that participants will encounter fewer barriers to completing the TDP application when using the tool. We expect to see an improvement in user experience by simplifying complex procedures and guiding participants through mock applications with generated scenarios. Data collected from user feedback will highlight specific elements of the tool that require enhancement. Ultimately, we anticipate an increase in successful TDP applications among participants and improvements in accessibility and efficiency of the application process for PrEP users aged 23 to 64 years in Ontario. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The developed tool aims to reduce financial barriers to PrEP access by facilitating successful enrolment in the TDP. The project’s broader impact includes improving health outcomes for underserved communities and contributing to equitable healthcare service delivery.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHD) have an elevated risk for future cardiovascular events, but information about their risk for e-cigarette use (“vaping”) is unknown. This study aims to present preliminary findings on gender differences in the association of impulsive behavior and vaping susceptibility from an ongoing investigation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Adolescents with CHD (12-18 years; N=63) reported their vaping susceptibility and completed subjective (UPPS-P)/objective (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) assessments of impulsive behavior previously associated with tobacco use. The UPPS-P includes 5 facets: 1) negative urgency (impulsivity under negative emotions), 2) positive urgency (impulsivity under positive emotions), 3) lack of premeditation (acting without thinking), 4) lack of perseverance (inability to focus), and 5) sensation seeking (seeking thrilling experiences). The IGT is a computerized task that creates conflict between immediate reward and delayed punishment via selections from advantageous/disadvantageous card decks. Linear regressions stratified by gender determined associations between vaping susceptibility and impulsivity. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Nearly 30% (29.7%) of adolescents with CHD were susceptible to vaping. Negative urgency was associated with vaping susceptibility among females (β = 0.44, p = .035) but not males (β = 0.25, p = .128). Positive urgency was associated with vaping susceptibility among males (β = 0.37, p = .021) and trended toward significance among females (β = 0.40, p = .058). Lack of premeditation was associated with vaping susceptibility among males (β = 0.36, p = .025) but not females (β = 0.15, p = .490). The association between lack of perseverance and vaping susceptibility trended toward significance among males (β = 0.30, p = .064) but not females (β = -0.18, p = .413). IGT performance was not associated with susceptibility to vaping among either gender. UPPS-P facets and IGT performance were not significantly correlated. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The association of impulsivity and vaping susceptibility appears to be characterized by emotion-based rash action (positive/negative urgency) for females and by decreased conscientiousness (lack of premeditation/perseverance) for males. If replicated, the findings have implications for assessment of vaping risk and tailored intervention.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our goal is to identify bacterial biomarkers of adverse Clostridioides difficile infection outcomes OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We characterized microbiota features of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) and will investigate the association between bacterial taxa and adverse outcomes, which includes severe and recurrent CDIs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 1,517 stool samples were collected from patients diagnosed with a CDI at the University of Michigan along with 1,516 unformed and 910 formed stool control samples. We characterized the microbiota of the 3,943 stool samples by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and used the Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures method to cluster samples into community types. Severe CDI cases were defined using the Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria and recurrent CDIs were defined as CDIs that occurred within 2-12 weeks of the primary CDI. We will use machine learning to examine whether specific bacterial taxa can predict severe or recurrent CDIs. We will test 5 machine learning models with 80% training and 20% testing data split. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Similar to findings from a previous study with 338 samples, we found there was no difference in diversity between CDI cases and unformed controls (Inverse Simpson index, p > 0.5) and samples from the 3 groups (CDIs, unformed controls, and formed controls) clustered into 12 community types. To investigate the bacterial taxa that are important for predicting adverse CDI outcomes, we will select the best machine learning model based on performance and training time and examine how much each feature contributes to performance. We anticipate the large number of CDI cases in our cohort and robust machine learning approaches will enable us to identify more bacteria associated with adverse outcomes compared to other studies that have attempted to predict CDI recurrence with fewer CDI cases. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Adverse CDI outcomes are a significant source of the morbidities, mortalities, and healthcare costs associated with CDIs. Identifying bacterial biomarkers of severe and recurrent CDIs could enhance our ability to stratify patients into risk groups and may lead to the development of more targeted therapeutics.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Fecal incontinence is associated with increased caregiver strain, reduced patient dignity and diminished quality of life. A spectrum of incontinence exists, along with a paucity of available solutions for patients and their caregivers. This research aims to stratify this space and identify gaps within the existing solution landscape. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To understand this problem, a literature review was performed with key search terms specific to fecal incontinence. These included, anal incontinence epidemiology, fecal incontinence in nursing homes, and incontinence management. To determine gaps within the existing solution landscape, key search terms related to existing solutions for fecal incontinence were also included. These included, fecal management systems, rectal incontinence therapies, and anorectal incontinence procedures.' To perform a population segmentation, white papers, review articles, and cross-sectional studies were reviewed to break down the burden of incontinence in older adults living in nursing facilities and in the community. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Two unaddressed populations were identified, the first being independent adults over the age of forty, particularly women, who suffer from frequent, bothersome incontinence. These 1.2 million patients are active, living at home, and they restrict their daily activities due to incontinence. However, there are several durable and effective solutions for patients who have sufficient sphincter tone or who are surgical candidates. The second population identified are caregiver dependent older adults residing in nursing facilities who suffer from severe incontinence. This population of 160,000 is affected more severely by consequences of fecal and are poorly served by solutions that are largely absorptive such as diapers and pads. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Although two populations were identified, caregiver dependent older adults residing in nursing homes were identified to have a significant unmet need within incontinence care. Current solutions are onerous and transient, preventing ease and duration for use by caregivers and nurses.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We aimed to assess trends in incidence of genital warts across human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-eligible and nonvaccine-eligible age groups to determine the impact of the HPV vaccine among Medicaid enrollees in the state of Tennessee. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed 2006–2014 medical and pharmaceutical claims data from TennCare (Tennessee’s Medicaid program) enrollees aged 15–64 years. Incident cases of genital warts were defined as persons 12 months disease free and: (1) a diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum, or (2) a diagnosis of viral warts and genital-specific procedure, or (3) a prescription for genital warts medication and genital-specific procedure. Mann-Kendall trend tests were performed to assess for significant trends in incidence of genital warts by sex and age group; average annual percent changes were calculated to quantify these trends. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our analysis is in progress. We hypothesize that we will observe declines in genital warts among younger, vaccine-eligible age groups and no changes in older, nonvaccine-eligible age groups, with largest declines among females aged 15–19 years from 2006 to 2014. We also expect to see declines among younger males due to herd protection, with greater declines after 2011, when the vaccine was approved for males. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Significant declines among younger compared with older age groups would suggest HPV vaccine effectiveness for preventing genital warts.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Background: Annually, 2.5 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur with nearly 75% classified as mild TBI (mTBI), also known as a concussion. Mild TBI can be subtle and detection requires a high index of suspicion and a regimented evaluation process. This study was done to define the proportion of patients with a possible mTBI evaluated for concussion at a high volume urban trauma center. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods: A prospective cohort of patients was identified using a 3-question screen at the time of triage: did an injury occur; was the mechanism consistent with mTBI; was there a period of altered mental status. Patients who screened positive were thought to meet a minimum threshold for the evaluation of mTBI. Information about mTBI specific evaluation, management, and education was obtained from the patient’s charts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results: 38,484 patients were screened over 16 weeks, of whom 453 (1.18%) screened positive for a possible mTBI and did not meet exclusion criteria. In total, 198 patients had documented loss of consciousness, 101 were diagnosed with mTBI, and 49 received mTBI discharge instructions. Overall, 32.5% of included patients had mTBI listed in the differential or as a diagnosis and 32.3% with loss of consciousness received a mTBI diagnosis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Conclusions: Many patients with a possible mTBI were not evaluated, managed, or educated for their potential injury. Changes in physicians’ approach to mTBI must occur to increase the proportion of patients receiving appropriate evaluation, management, and education. These results define the current reality of mTBI treatment in the Emergency Department and show the need for further experimental studies targeted at physician decision support interventions to improve mTBI care.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To assess researchers’ experiences working with community advisory boards (CABs) and how community member/patient stakeholder feedback impacted the research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Researchers (N = 34) who presented their research to a Mayo Clinic CAB (at MN, AZ, or FL) from 2014-2017 were invited to participate in an interview in-person or by phone averaging 10-15 min. Researchers were asked “In what ways did the feedback you received from the CAB influence your research?” The validated structured 7-item interview included domains assessing potential influence that CABs had on the research: 1) Pre-research (e.g., generated ideas), 2) Infrastructure (e.g., budget preparation), 3) Research design, 4) Implementation (e.g., research recruitment), 5) Analysis, 6) Dissemination, and 7) Post-research (e.g., assist in formulating next steps). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 17 interviews were completed (8 no longer at Mayo, 9 no response). Researchers presented their study to a CAB a mean of 4 years (range 3-5) before the interview. Researchers reported that the CAB had influenced their research in the following domains: 24% in pre-research, 24% infrastructure, 41% study design, 41% implementation, 6% analysis, 24% dissemination, and 18% for post-research activities. The mean total score was = 1.8 (SD = 1.7, range 0-6), of a possible range of 0-7. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Impact of CAB feedback on the research was moderate. Ways to enhance impact could include follow-up with researchers and CAB members.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Developmental dyslexia is a common reading disability (RD) which negatively impacts academic success. To address the role of early language experience on RD, we tested if the reported differences in gray matter volume (GMV) in RD also manifests in poor readers with a bilingual language background. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied 54 Spanish-English Bilingual Typical Readers with Oral Reading Recognition Test (ORRT) scores above 100 (avg. =113 ± 10), 51 Spanish-English Bilinguals with RD with ORRT scores below 92 (avg. =84 ± 7), 54 English Monolingual Typical Readers with ORRT scores above 100 (avg. =113 ± 10) and 51 English Monolinguals with RD with ORRT scores below 92 (avg. =84 ± 7) from the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development Study. All groups had an average age of 12 ± 0.7 years and were matched for sex and self-ratings of English ability. Structural magnetic resonance images were analyzed using Voxel-Based Morphometry and the bilingual and monolingual groups were separately compared in two-sample t-tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Monolinguals with RD had less GMV than the Monolingual Typical Readers in the right supramarginal gyrus (Brodmanns Area (BA) 40; MNI Coordinates: 69, -27, 39) (p=0.011) similar to the right superior temporal finding reported in the existing literature. However, a comparison of Bilinguals with RD and Bilingual Typical Readers did not show any GMV differences in superior temporal regions. Instead, our Bilinguals with RD had less GMV compared to the Spanish-English Bilingual Typical Readers in the right superior frontal gyrus (BA 11; MNI Coordinates: 21, 44, -24) extending to the middle frontal gyrus (BA 10) (p = 0.014). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that the neuroanatomical bases of RD in Spanish-English Bilingual children are not the same as those observed for monolinguals, and biological models developed in monolinguals cannot be generalized. This has implications for diagnoses and treatment of RD in bilinguals.