Objectives/Goals: This study evaluates the impact of a pharmacist-delivered peer educational intervention on buprenorphine dispensing behavior for opioid use disorder (OUD) in Appalachian Kentucky. Methods/Study Population: Based on themes from focus group analyses of our prior work, we developed a pharmacist-delivered peer educational intervention consisting of brief, on-site academic detailing sessions (i.e., mini visits) and live continuing pharmacy education webinars. Trained academic detailing pharmacists conducted mini-visits to 113 community pharmacies across 23 counties (20 lowest and 3 of the next 5 lowest buprenorphine dispensing rates per individual with OUD), providing materials while webinars reinforced confidence and addressed stigma. Changes in pharmacists’ self-reported buprenorphine dispensing behaviors were evaluated using a validated pre-post survey offered to all pharmacists in each pharmacy. Analyses used unpaired t-tests for continuous scores variables and chi-square for categorical variables Results/Anticipated Results: A total of 128 of 131 participants (97.7%) completed the pre-survey and 95 of 131 (72.5%) completed the post-survey. Sex was similar between individuals in the pre- and post-surveys (50.0% vs 52.6% female, P=0.7). Most worked in independent pharmacies (64.8% pre, 67.4% post) and had ≥10 years in practice (63.3% pre, 68.4% post). Buprenorphine dispensing was reported by 85.9% pre and 88.3% post. After the intervention, participants showed greater willingness for telehealth prescriptions, with a mean change of +0.2 points (95% CI: 0.001–0.46, P = 0.0038) on a four-point scale. They also reported more welcoming environments toward individuals receiving buprenorphine treatment (five-point scale; mean change: +0.4, 95% CI: 0.05–0.8, P = 0.027). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our pharmacist-delivered peer intervention enhanced pharmacists’ willingness to dispense buprenorphine via telehealth and fostered supportive pharmacy environments. Next, we will assess its effectiveness in expanding buprenorphine treatment access across Kentucky using county-level dispensing data.

Objectives/Goals: To identify clinical trial teams that are at risk of not meeting their recruitment goals as early in the recruitment period as possible, this project aims to provide timely accrual information and projected forecasts for accruals by the end of the recruitment period across all trials at USC. Methods/Study Population: This project aggregates recruitment accrual data periodically from OnCore to create per-study accrual pages that contain an up-to-date accrual chart, metrics like expected and actual accrual per month, and projected recruitment based on an X-month moving average (3 months by default). Trials at risk are identified as early as possible by using these projections to classify risk. In this initial phase, we’ve classified trials as medium risk (80%–99% accrual) or high risk (less than 80% accrual). The dashboard is currently available for all clinical trials at USC and users are automatically restricted to the studies that they administer or work on depending on their role. Results/Anticipated Results: The dashboard will provide visibility across the institution for the current accrual for all clinical trials in a standard, user-friendly format and use the same metrics and definitions of risk for trial accruals not meeting their targets. This will allow the institution to identify trials that need intervention to get back on track using a single set of criteria across all research teams. Users in different roles, whether department heads, principal investigators, or study coordinators can view the current accrual for all the trials that they administer or work on in one central location. The dashboard will also help to identify quality issues in OnCore by performing data quality checks nightly. Discussion/Significance of Impact: By providing a central location for role-based access to timely clinical trial accrual for the institution, the dashboard helps to identify trials at risk of not meeting their recruitment targets as early as possible to provide corrective advice/measures.

Objectives/Goals: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF), marked by early exhaustion and reduced activity tolerance, affects over half of stroke survivors. This novel study used All of Us Research Program data to explore factors linked to PSF, addressing gaps left by prior studies with methodological limitations. Methods/Study Population: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of ischemic stroke survivors from the All of Us Research Program Controlled Tier dataset. Participants were identified using ICD-10 diagnosis I63 for cerebral infarction, with strokes occurring prior to survey completion. Self-reported fatigue was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (none to very severe). Demographics, pre-stroke comorbidities, and health status factors were extracted from electronic health records and surveys. Proportional odds regression models identified factors associated with higher fatigue levels. Results/Anticipated Results: 4,009 ischemic stroke survivors met inclusion criteria (mean age 64±13 years, 53% female, median 2 years post-stroke). Fatigue was documented in 56% of participants through electronic health records, while 84% reported some level of fatigue on surveys. In multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with greater fatigue included younger age (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, p<0.001), female sex (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21–1.57, p<0.001), current smoking (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.36, p=0.008), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.1–-1.54, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16–1.62, p<0.001), and mood disorders (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.72–2.23, p<0.001). Discussion/Significance of Impact: This is among the first studies to examine PSF using large, representative datasets. With 84% reporting symptoms, findings reveal under recognition in clinical settings and identify modifiable risk factors to guide targeted, evidence-based interventions.

Traditional approaches for evaluating the impact of scientific research – mainly scholarship (i.e., publications, presentations) and grant funding – fail to capture the full extent of contributions that come from larger scientific initiatives. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) was developed to support more comprehensive evaluations of scientific endeavors, especially research designed to translate scientific discoveries into innovations in clinical or public health practice and policy-level changes. Here, we present the domains of the TSBM, including how it was expanded by researchers within the Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) program supported by the National Cancer Institute. Next, we describe five studies supported by the Penn ISC3, each focused on testing implementation strategies informed by behavioral economics to reduce key practice gaps in the context of cancer care and identify how each study yields broader impacts consistent with TSBM domains. These indicators include Capacity Building, Methods Development (within the Implementation Field) and Rapid Cycle Approaches, implementing Software Technologies, and improving Health Care Delivery and Health Care Accessibility. The examples highlighted here can help guide other similar scientific initiatives to conceive and measure broader scientific impact to fully articulate the translation and effects of their work at the population level.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and a major contributor to long-term disability worldwide. Accurate stroke assessment is critical for both research and clinical care. In vivo neuroimaging modalities, particularly CT and MRI, are widely used and increasingly coupled with deep learning (DL) to improve stroke assessment. These approaches have matured rapidly and benefit from harmonized imaging protocols and growing multi-center datasets, but they remain limited in sensitivity to microinfarcts, subtle early ischemic changes, and cellular-level pathology. Digital pathology, through whole-slide imaging, offers unmatched tissue-level resolution and biological ground truth for validating imaging biomarkers, yet DL applications for infarct analysis in histopathology remain comparatively underdeveloped and data-limited, with most existing work focused on vascular morphometry or neurodegenerative pathology rather than infarct analysis. This review aims to provide insights from pathology, radiology, and computational sciences. We summarize dominant architectural trends in in vivo imaging, review emerging computational pathology approaches, and describe MRI-pathology correlation and ex vivo validation workflows. We further examine key translational challenges, including dataset scarcity, scanner and staining variability, demographic bias, computational feasibility, and limited external validation. Finally, we outline future directions emphasizing harmonized data infrastructure, multimodal integration, and emerging foundation models to enable scalable, biologically grounded, and equitable infarct assessment across clinical and research settings.

Early career researchers have unique demands, many of which contribute to increased stress, decreased professional fulfillment, and burnout. Consequently, academic institutions and government organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health, are beginning to embrace structured coaching as a tool to support physician wellbeing. To date, such coaching programs have demonstrated promising results, but little is known about whether early career research faculty find coaching feasible, accessible, or helpful. To explore this question further, we developed a novel group coaching intervention for clinician researchers and scientific faculty at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center based on the concept of appreciative inquiry, grounding the program in a positive and hopeful approach to the challenges faced by clinicians and researchers. Results from our program indicate this intervention is feasible, satisfactory, and helpful, with participants reporting enhanced self-reflection and empowerment. Effective for a wide array of research faculty, our program brought together diverse faculty, fostered connections, and encouraged future collaborations among this translational group. This suggests that our program provides a foundational blueprint that can be used by other academic medical centers who aim to develop group coaching efforts.

Objectives/Goals: Analyze risk factors among college students and their likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating sexual violence. Critique the process to develop a screening tool to match students to existing programming. Examine principles of implementation science in overcoming barriers to connect each student to the most appropriate prevention programming. Methods/Study Population: Research questions: What needs to be in a screening tool to gauge each incoming college student’s risk factors and likelihood for future sexual violence victimization and perpetration? How can the tool be designed using principles of implementation science with end-user feasibility in mind? For this protocol, I will initiate a participatory research process to guide the development of a screening tool for incoming college students in a mid-western sample of the USA to assess risk factors for sexual violence victimization and perpetration. I will assemble a Technical Expert Panel to develop the screening tool using existing standardized measures. I aim to recruit a diverse panel of researchers and practitioners in sexual violence prevention, including sexual assault survivors and peer educators. Results/Anticipated Results: The anticipated result will be a screening tool to predict the likelihood of victimization and perpetration for each incoming college student over one academic year. Next steps would be to pilot-test the screening tool to determine its effectiveness. The long-term goal would be to match each student to the most appropriate evidence-based prevention program based on individualized screening results. This could include existing evidence-based programs that prevent or decrease severity of victimization, revictimization, alcohol-facilitated victimization, perpetration, perpetration among high-risk students, and perpetration among fraternity members. Considering barriers and stakeholder engagement from the onset of the project aims to increase the feasibility of implementation in practice. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Quantifying an approximation of how many students would benefit from which types of programming can help colleges determine where to invest their time and resources to best prevent sexual violence. Guiding each incoming student to the most appropriate evidence-based prevention program could decrease rates of campus sexual violence.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is broad recognition that interdisciplinary research teams are uniquely suited to address complex research questions. At the Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, we recognized a significant gap in support services at the University of Michigan for coordinating interdisciplinary teams to advance translational research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The initial team science challenge we tackled was how to bring together cross-disciplinary groups, for the first time, to engage meaningfully and collaboratively with a ‘wicked’ problem of interest and create a shared vision. To address this, we developed Ideation Jams, which are facilitated experiences that help new groups build community, identify and prioritize research opportunities, determine how individual interests and other potential partners align with opportunities, and commit to next steps that will advance collaborative efforts. Ideation Jams leverage the methods and mindsets of design thinking, including divergence and convergence; making information visual; amplifying diversity; horizontal distribution of responsibility; and bias towards action. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have facilitated 11 Ideation Jams with 255 participants, including faculty, staff, health practitioners, and community members, who brought diverse expertise and insight to the research problems. Participant feedback has been overwhelmingly positive, with Ideation Jams fostering shared vision and innovation, and positively impacting various measures related to team performance. Participants have reported that Ideation Jams catalyzed various outcomes, including submission and award of grants, the introduction of new and specialized clinical offerings, and development of an interdisciplinary research agenda for their field of interest. Most recently, we trained representatives from five Clinical & Translational Science Award hubs to implement Ideation Jams at their universities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Ideation Jams are ideal for mobilizing new groups around complex research problems, moving them from blue-sky thinking to action planning in three hours. Ideation Jams will be integrated into a suite of facilitated experiences, trainings, and grant development services to provide iterative support as teams advance their research priorities.

Objectives/Goals: In January 2023, Mayo Clinic set a goal to have 10% of studies open for six months or more without accrual. At that time, Mayo Clinic Florida had 19% non-accruing studies and 18% non-accruing clinical trials. Research administration implemented strategies to improve accrual outcomes. Methods/Study Population: Two strategies were developed to address non-accruing trials: a clean-up approach and a proactive approach. The clean-up approach involves escalating studies that haven’t been enrolled in over 6 months, identifying barriers, and escalating communication with the principal investigator (PI) and research administration alongside a physician partner. The proactive approach targets studies at the 3-month mark to address issues before reaching 6 months without accrual. Both strategies aim to reduce the cost and effort of non-accruing studies by either creating an enrollment plan or closing the study. Results/Anticipated Results: Since implementation, Mayo Clinic Florida’s non-accruing study portfolio decreased by 10%, and its clinical trials non-accruing portfolio decreased by 7% as of October 2024. Research Administration tracks key metrics (reasons for no enrollment, justifications, and actions) to identify trends and mitigate future accrual risks. A REDCap electronic data capture tool hosted at Mayo Clinic (supported by CCaTS grant UL1TR002377)1 notifies principal investigators when their studies are non-accruing. Future plans include establishing an API with Mayo Clinic’s portfolio management system to streamline the process while maintaining awareness and collaboration. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Through increased monitoring, enhanced communication, and deeper collaboration, Mayo Clinic Florida effectively reduced non-accruing studies in its research portfolio. This approach minimizes effort and costs associated with under-enrolled studies while tracking key metrics to inform future study development.

Objectives/Goals: Our aim is to determine the pathogenesis of intramammary infection of H5N1. First, we must induce lactation, and our aim was to create a protocol to induce lactation without impregnating mice. We hypothesize that the immunological milieu of a lactating mammary gland is highly conducive for influenza viral infection. Methods/Study Population: Nine 10-week-old female mice of unidentified strain were placed in cohorts of lactating versus non-lactating versus control (undeveloped mammary glands) groups. Animals were co-housed within their group. Lactogenic hormones were used to induce mammary development and lactation, including estradiol, progesterone, oxytocin, and prolactin. Mice were inoculated with a comparative strain to H5N1, H1N1, due to its increased availability and safety standards. Immunopathology of mammary tissues and lungs will be assessed by histology, viral titration, and flow cytometry, and data analysis is pending. Results/Anticipated Results: All seven mice that were chosen to be injected with lactogenic hormones developed mammary tissue beyond the pubertal stage and into the reproductive stage, as expected if they were pregnant. Of those seven mice, the three that were given prolactin and oxytocin for milk production and let down were able to lactate. Plaque assays of mammary and lung tissue revealed no viral titers. Flow cytometry of innate surface markers showed varying results and were deemed inconclusive. Based on the preliminary data, it is inconclusive whether the mammary tissue was able to support H1N1 virus replication. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Better understanding of the immunopathology of the mammary gland and how it contributes to disease and disease transmission of influenza in mammalian species will be essential for the development of measures to control disease outbreak and minimize economic loss, especially in species such as cattle and goats.

Objectives/Goals: Collaborations between Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) and Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs) are critical to addressing health disparities and building research capacity. Herein, we examine the Duke-NCCU Collaborative Translational Research pilot funding program [2018–2023] to identify opportunities, challenges, and lessons learned from querying key stakeholders. Methods/Study Population: The Duke-NCCU collaborative pilot funding program was launched to support new inter-institutional collaborations that aim to accelerate research discoveries into testing in clinical or population settings. Eight one-year, $50,000 collaborative grants were awarded. Each funded team was assigned a CTSI Project Leader (PL) for project management support. To evaluate the program, we developed surveys targeting principal investigators (PI) and PLs. Questions covered collaboration motivation, goals, outcomes, operational processes, project management support, institutional differences, and challenges. Qualitative analysis will be employed to evaluate the responses and identify common themes. Results/Anticipated Results: The PI survey examines aspects of inter-institutional collaborations, focusing on common themes, such as authorship, definition of success, and institutional culture. The PL survey prompts feedback on managing inter-institutional teams, expectations, and challenges. Select questions were shared between both surveys to capture both perspectives. Surveys were reviewed by members of the Duke CTSI evaluation and team science teams. The PI survey will be disseminated to 16 investigators, while the PL survey will reach 5 project leaders. Built on Qualtrics, each survey takes 20–30 minutes to complete. To encourage participation, incentives will be offered as two $100 gift card drawings. Respondents can choose to complete the survey on Qualtrics or through a recorded and transcribed Zoom session. Discussion/Significance of Impact: AMC-HBCU inter-institutional collaborations drive innovation, workforce development, and equitable dissemination of outcomes. This study exemplifies collaboration, offering insights into translational research collaborations critical to advance equitable healthcare and improving population health.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goals of the present study were to examine levels and potential changes in oxytocin and HPL over the course of pregnancy. We assessed the potential predictive value of oxytocin and HPL on maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety and depression at three timepoints during pregnancy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Pregnant women (n=70) enrolled in a longitudinal, rolling protocol study. Eligibility criteria included 1) singleton pregnancy confirmed at early pregnancy screen (EPS) ultrasonography, 2) mother aged 19 or greater, and 3) fluent in English. Predictors (oxytocin and HPL levels) were measured via blood draws at the same three times (early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage) that MFA, anxiety and depression questionnaires were completed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: An increased OT level compared to a mother’s average OT level did not have a statistically significant effect on MFA (within-person estimate = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.05, p = 0.427. An increased HPL level compared to a patient’s average HPL level did not have a statistically significant effect on MFA (within-person estimate = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.67 to 0.47, p = 0.730). The main effect of between-person HPL was significant; such that a one-unit increase in average HPL level was associated with a 0.52 higher anxiety score (between-person 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.96, p = 0.022). The main effect of between-person HPL was significant, such that an increased average HPL level was associated with a 0.45 higher depression score (between-person estimate = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.86, p=0.031). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, our study is the first to measure HPL and MFA over the course of a pregnancy. At this point, perhaps the best we can say is that HPL is a promising new target hormone that may be related to psychological symptoms surrounding pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Healthcare sectors are rushing to develop AI models. Yet, a dearth of coordinated practices leaves many teams struggling to implement models into practice. The Enterprise AI Translation Advisory Board uses across-disciplinary team to facilitate AI translation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Mayo Clinic Enterprise AI Translation Advisory Board was established to assess AI solutions lever aging cross-disciplinary team science to accelerate AI innovation and translation. The 23-member board reflects expertise in data science, qualitative research, user experience, IT, human factors, informatics, regulatory compliance,ethics, and clinical care, with members spanning thought leadership, decision-making, and clinical practice. Taking an approach of respectful communication, transparency, scientific debate, and open discussion, the Board has consulted onover two dozen projects at various stages of the AI life cycle. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Common issues identified for projects earlier in the AI life cycle, sometimes fatal but often address able once identified, include a lack of buy-in from potential product users, a lack of planningabout integration into clinical workflow, inadequately labeled data, and attempting to use machine learning when what is desired is really a causal model for intervening. Recommendations for projects later in the AI life cycle include details of a testing plan (silent evaluation, pragmatic clinical trials), advice about clinical integration, both post-hoc and on going auditing for performance disparities, and planning for regulatory clearance. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Advising is more valuable for projects at the ideation phase, when multi disciplinary interrogation can identify weaknesses. But at all phases, projects have gaps related to a lack of specific disciplinary expertise. A multi disciplinary cluster like the AI Translation Advisory Board seeks to address these gaps.

Objectives/Goals: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of implementing sustainable depression screening services within an appointment-based pharmacy. Methods/Study Population: A qualitative observational study was conducted at a rural, appointment-based community pharmacy. Following staff consent, unstructured interviews and workflow observations were performed over a 1-week period to characterize existing processes and identify potential integration points for screening. Field notes from observations and interviews were supplemented with an anonymous Qualtrics survey assessing perceived barriers and facilitators to depression screening implementation. Results/Anticipated Results: The pharmacy filled approximately 200 prescriptions daily and employed one pharmacist and two to four bilingual technicians serving a predominantly Hispanic population. Both the pharmacist and staff were supportive of implementing depression screening and viewed it as compatible with their MedSync workflow. Reported barriers included the lack of a private counseling area and concerns regarding patient comfort discussing mental health due to stigma. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Appointment-based pharmacies are well suited to integrate depression screening into existing workflows. Future implementation efforts should address structural and stigma-related barriers to optimize feasibility and sustainability.

Objectives/Goals: Historically, the Univ. of Missouri (MU) Sch. of Medicine (SOM) is known for its strong clinical and education programs. In 2020, MU recruited an Executive Vice Chancellor (EVC) for Health Affairs and subsequently Dean of the SOM who initiated programmatic steps to develop and establish a centralized clinical and translational research (CTR) infrastructure. Methods/Study Population: In order to develop and establish a CTR infrastructure, the EVC/Dean of the SOM created and recruited to the combined position of the Associate Dean (AD) for CTR and Associate Director (ADR) of clinical research (CR) for the Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr. (EFCC) in 2021. The AD CTR was appointed the Chair of the Clinical and Translational Science Unit (CTSU) Steering Committee with the charge of establishing a 10,000 sq. ft. CTSU to be housed in the newly built $225M Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Bldg. and for re-building the Clinical Trials Support Office (CTSO), and the Clinical Trials Office (CTO) at the EFCC in his other role as the ADR CR. The AD CTR was also charged with implementing the OnCore clinical trial management system (CTMS) to centrally track and fiscally manage SOM clinical trials. Results/Anticipated Results: Between 2021 and 2023, a CTR infrastructure was developed and established at the MU SOM. A total of 25 new clinical research staff (CRS) and leadership were hired that included a Sr. Dir. of CR Operations, clinical research nurses (CRNs) and coordinators (CRCs), Regulatory/Data/Fiscal/Project/Compliance/Coverage Analysis Coordinators between the CTSU/CTSO and the CTO of the EFCC. The CTSU was built with 10 FTE CRS [CRNs  =  5, CRCs  =  2, administrative staff  =  2, Sr. Lab. Tech.  =  1, and a manager]; the CTSO was re-built with 9 FTE CRS [Fiscal (n = 3), Project (n = 2), Compliance (n = 2), Coverage Analysis (n = 1) and Recruitment (n = 1) coordinators]. The EFCC CTO was re-built with 8 FTE CRS [CRNs  =  4, Fiscal (n = 1), Data (n = 1) & Regulatory (n = 2) coordinators]. The implementation of the OnCore CTMS tracking function was also completed. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Overall, the development and establishment of the CTR infrastructure has led to a significant increase and enhancement (e.g., capacity) to conduct clinical trials at the MU SOM. For example, this has led to a significant increase in the average annual enrollment to interventional oncology clinical trials [n = 82 (2021–2023) vs. n = 42 (2016–2020), p = 0.004].

Few studies have explored the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic has presented for Clinical Research Units (CRUs), the solutions that have been implemented, and the changes that have been made in the operational guidelines for these entities. This study sought to identify and document common practices implemented by CRUs around the United States of America (USA) when addressing the unique challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive study utilized a non-experimental mixed-methods approach and gathered data from representatives of 43 CRUs across the USA. An online survey was followed by in-depth interviews. The findings show that challenges faced from the COVID-19 pandemic, changes made to daily operations, and lessons learned are very similar across CRUs. Although most CRUs never stopped performing essential clinical research, many adapted to the pandemic by engaging in virtual visits, and many played key roles in administering and supporting both COVID-19 therapeutic and vaccine trials. Follow-up interviews showed that processes for formal approval and reopening were similar across CRUs. In addition to highlighting the significance of the role played by CRUs during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study addresses the relevance of CRUs and lays the groundwork for future conversations on the importance of these units.