OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To diversify the biomedical research workforce by training postdoctoral scholars and junior faculty from 6 Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) on practical research skills such as Critical and Creative Thinking, Formulating the Problem, Asking the Right Question, Grant Writing, and Team Science METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In collaboration with our partners, we identified 11 topics where trainees lack research funding. Next, we identified instructors for these topics. We converted the topics to online module with modules ranging from 2 to 8 weeks. In working with an online education expert, we developed innovative online training using Moodle as the content management system. Scholars complete readings, videos, self-assessments and participate in discussion board each week. In addition, we have weekly synchronous sessions for each module. All scholars are required to take the grant writing module and 8 other modules. After each module, trainees complete a brief survey to evaluate the module. The leaders at the MSI participated in an intensive face-to-face training session on how to be a career coach so that they could be career coaches for the LEADS Scholars at their home institutions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In the first year, we selected 13 LEADS Scholars. All but 3 scholars elected to take every module. The 3 scholars did not enroll in the Peer Reviewing module. Results of the brief survey at the end of each module indicate that the scholars value each of the modules and rate them very highly. When 1 scholar wanted to leave the program, we decided to have a conference call with all of the LEADS Scholars to determine what was working and what was not working with the program. All scholars recognized the value of LEADS. Some scholars felt that the weekly synchronous session was too demanding as they have competing demands on their time. We consulted with the leadership at the MSI and decided to modify the requirements of the program such that every synchronous call was not required for successful completion of the module and to earn a badge. Scholars need to have at least 9 badges to earn a certificate. In addition to the training, we decided that scholars would also benefit from mock reviews of their grants. This will help them submit successful grants. We learned that the best way to serve the needs of the scholars is to work iteratively with the scholars and leadership to develop a successful program that most effectively meets their needs of the scholars and helps them launch a successful career. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Postdoctoral scholars and junior faculty from MSI need practical research training to help launch their research career. We suspect that this is true of many institutions and plan to develop these modules so that they can be widely disseminated to other institutions.

Objectives/Goals: This evaluation seeks to demonstrate the feasibility and impact of a new funding program for clinical and translational research launched by U-M Michigan Medicine. ’Research Scouts’ with established research agendas at U-M were identified and trained to invite and fund research proposals from U-M colleagues they had not collaborated with. Methods/Study Population: In 2023, Research Scouts identified and orientated to the program and goals. Each Scouts was given a year to invest $150,000 in innovative research projects. A web-based submission portal was used to anonymize the proposals to remove the potential for bias. All projects were granted a two-year funding period. The sequential mixed methods used for this evaluation includes surveys of ’Research Scouts’ and awardees, followed by the collection on administrative data regarding the awardees scientific production, including both research publications and grants. The survey results and administrative data were analyzed and informed the iterative refinement of an interview protocol designed to investigate the impact of the funding on awardees’ development of novel and collaborative research agendas. Results/Anticipated Results: Surveys of the 2023 Scouts (N=24) and Awardees (N=51) had a 59% response rate. Awardees agreed they were able to pursue new lines of investigation (Mean 4.62, on a 5-point Likert scale); test a new idea that otherwise would go unexplored (Mean 4.62); had more latitude for intellectual creativity and exploration than traditional funding mechanisms permit (Mean 4.46); had new scientific conversations and new connections (Mean 4.54). The results also indicate that Research Scouts agreed with these benefits. Analysis of Awardee’s administrative data yielded evidence that they were actively producing new research; for example, of 146 papers, at least 30 were relevant to their award. Ongoing interviews will yield evidence indicating how the award accelerated their clinical and translational research agendas. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Given the long gestation time for new research ideas to yield new publications or extramural funding, the full impact of the program won’t be known for years. However, preliminary evidence indicates that the Research Scouts program successfully provides a mechanism for pursuing novel ideas with minimal administrative costs and burden.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Goal—broaden the academic offer to enhance clinical and translational research productivity and cost effectiveness. Objective—implement a distance learning program on conducting proficient research management. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Needs assessment attested students’ interest in enrolling and willingness to recruit graduates by the research industry and academia. A master of science in clinical research management and regulatory compliance (MS-CRMRC) was developed using the Core Competency Domains for Clinical Research Professional. Experts from research academia, pharmaceutical industry, composed a Proposal Development Committee. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Access of a distance learning MS-CRMRC program for students with time constrains. Competent research professional graduates working side by side with the principal investigator on onsite teamwork management, to streamline research processes in compliance to regulations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Improvement of clinical and translational research productivity and efficient use of grants funds prevails as a generalized concern. The MS-CRMRC offers an accessible alternative to empower the research enterprise by developing knowledgeable skilled professionals to tackle this need.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: COVID-19 vaccines were met with both public excitement and concern. Our goal was to understand individual’s attitudes about COVID-19 vaccines within Black and Latino communities deeply impacted by COVID-19, in an effort to highlight their potential similarities and differences. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a community-based participatory approach, we partnered with 16 leaders from community-based organizations to conduct a mixed-methods study examining the perspectives of Black and Latino communities regarding their vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. We focused on Michigan counties highly impacted by COVID-19 infection and deaths. In 2021, we interviewed 24 Black and 16 Latino residents in English or Spanish. We combined this with survey data on vaccine attitudes and behavior from the Detroit Metro Area Communities Study (n=1,800). This research is part of the NIH Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative analysis highlight that Black participants expressed greater mistrust and hesitance around vaccines and less willingness to get vaccinated, often citing historical mistreatment as a contributing factor. The desire to keep themselves, their families and community safe was cited as the most important factor shaping vaccine decisions among both groups. Trust in information and in science was rated as a stronger reason for vaccination among Latinx participants; however, they also appeared to highlight the issue of vaccine access more often than Black participants. Fear of side effects and risks were equally cited as factors that influenced their vaccine hesitancy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite being labeled as minority communities, these two groups have important differences regarding their perspective of COVID-19 vaccines. Our results suggest that public health interventions must be tailored to address the concerns, differences in attitudes, and beliefs among Blacks and Latinos.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 have converged to form a syndemic. Our team sought to identify and respond to the evolving needs of patients and communities affected by diabetes amid the COVID-19 pandemic and to engage community partners and student leaders in the advancement of health equity research and practice in the state of Iowa. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A team of faculty, staff, students, and community partners was assembled to facilitate, design, and implement mixed methods research related to diabetes care in collaboration with more than five sites in Eastern and Western Iowa during the pandemic, with a focus on potentially preventable complications such as diabetes-related foot ulcers and amputations in adult patients. Attention was directed towards the experiences of rural residents, persons working in frontline occupations during the pandemic, persons from minoritized racial or ethnic groups, and persons who speak Spanish. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A semi-structured interview study about diabetes care revealed themes in the experiences of persons with diabetes during the pandemic. A pilot study of an educational tool called the Foot Book among patients and providers demonstrated the potential for use of this tool in health care and community settings to reduce gaps in diabetes foot care. All study materials and activities were offered in English and Spanish. Study results were combined with input from community partners to develop ongoing interventions to improve care in Iowa communities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Amid the syndemic of COVID-19 and diabetes, urgent action is needed to mitigate health inequities and prevent further acceleration of these inequities. Our team developed a community-engaged, patient-centered, and student-led research program that can respond to the needs of patients and communities in the pandemic era.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study examined patterns in helpline call data as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved including the impact of stay-at-home orders, relaxing of restrictive orders, and stages of vaccine uptake, as well as differences in call volume by Chicago neighborhood health indicators. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: From November 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021, 56 NAMI-Chicago workers accepted 26,173 helpline calls from 9,374 individuals from 438 zip codes across northeastern Illinois with the majority of calls from high poverty Chicago communities. Descriptive and time series analyses examined patterns in call volume related to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Illinois Stay-at-Home Order, and Illinois reopening and vaccine uptake plan relative to comparable times the prior year. Health indicators from the Chicago Health Atlas (https://chicagohealthatlas.org/) were examined to determine patterns related to NAMI call volume and various health indicators at the zip code level. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Time series analysis indicated the greatest number of calls occurred in 2020; specifically, there was a 212% increase in call volume and 331% increase in repeat callers (three or more calls per caller) during the first and second phase (March 20th to May 28th) of Illinois Stay-at-Home Order from 2019 to 2020. Analysis of the callers primary need indicated NAMI provided resources and referrals to people with unmet basic needs such as housing, food, and access to healthcare during the height of COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020. A series of ANOVAs indicated that individuals from Chicago zip codes with high levels of uninsured rates, poverty rates, households using SNAP benefits, and economic diversity called NAMI significantly more than those with low levels of these health indicators. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Helplines are a much-needed model to assess needs and implement services during public health crises, particularly in communities experiencing economic hardship and stress. Implications for behavioral health service needs both during and following the pandemic will be discussed.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We modeled risk of reintubation within 48 hours of cardiac surgery using variables available in the electronic health record (EHR). This model will guide recruitment for a prospective, pragmatic clinical trial entirely embedded within the EHR among those at high risk of reintubation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: All adult patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit following cardiac surgery involving thoracotomy or sternotomy were eligible for inclusion. Data were obtained from operational and analytical databases integrated into the Epic EHR, as well as institutional and departmental-derived data warehouses, using structured query language. Variables were screened for inclusion in the model based on clinical relevance, availability in the EHR as structured data, and likelihood of timely documentation during routine clinical care, in the hopes of obtaining a maximally-pragmatic model. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 2325 patients met inclusion criteria between November 2, 2017 and November 2, 2019. Of these patients, 68.4% were male. Median age was 63.0. The primary outcome of reintubation occurred in 112/2325 (4.8%) of patients within 48 hours and 177/2325 (7.6%) at any point in the subsequent hospital encounter. Univariate screening and iterative model development revealed numerous strong candidate predictors (ANOVA plot, figure 1), resulting in a model with acceptable calibration (calibration plot, figure 2), c = 0.666. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Reintubation is common after cardiac surgery. Risk factors are available in the EHR. We are integrating this model into the EHR to support real-time risk estimation and to recruit and randomize high-risk patients into a clinical trial comparing post-extubation high flow nasal cannula with usual care. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: REF has received grant funding and consulting fees from Medtronic for research on inpatient monitoring.

Objectives/Goals: Medical mistrust is a persistent challenge to effective healthcare delivery and disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC). The relationship between religiosity and patient trust is not well understood but can provide key insight into improving primary care. Methods/Study Population: This study examines the association between religiosity and trust among BIPOC and White patients receiving primary care at Tufts Medical Center. Eligible participants will be adults aged ≥18 years without cognitive impairment. Recruitment will occur via telephone and during office visits. We will create surveys measuring religiosity and trust in primary care physicians (PCPs), and mean scores will be compared across subgroups, including race, sex, age, and religious affiliation. We will also conduct interviews to explore patient perspectives on PCP characteristics that encourage or discourage trust, as well as the role of religion in shaping trust within primary care settings. Results/Anticipated Results: Based on prior literature, we hypothesize that BIPOC patients will have higher mean scores of mistrust than White patients. We also hypothesize a statistically significant interaction between religiosity and trust for both BIPOC and White patients, such that higher religiosity scores will be associated with greater levels of mistrust. In subgroup analyses, we hypothesize that Black/African American and Hispanic patients will have the strongest moderating effect between religiosity and mistrust. We further expect patients who report high levels of trust in their PCPs to identify physician qualities including perceived expertise, empathy, cultural humility, and shared decision-making. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our results will inform the development and implementation of a medical mistrust screening tool that measures individual rather than broader group-based perceptions of trust – a tool that is not yet widely integrated into primary care – and can enhance physicians’ approach to patient-centered care.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This project will aid in the optimization of treatment for those with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction in order to both maximize health benefits and minimize financial burdens. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical applicability of a novel web-based application programming interface in the optimization of care for patients being treated for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The purpose of this validation is to ensure the translatability of this algorithm to a clinical setting using real-world data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study is a retrospective analysis of a previously created algorithm designed to optimize therapy for patients currently diagnosed with HFrEF. Patients that are seen for HFrEF treatment at Michigan Medicine are enrolled in a heart failure registry and were included in this study. Exceptions include those with heart transplants, LVAD, and those undergoing treatment with chronic inotropes (milrinone/dobutamine). Clinically relevant information (demographics, vital statistics, labs, and medications including dose and frequency) was taken from their respective electronic health record (EHR) and this data was used as the input for the algorithm. The therapy recommendations were collected and manually compared to the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines to verify the accuracy of the algorithm outputs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data is currently being collected and analyzed. At first glance, our algorithm has been successful at detecting patients that are good candidates for therapy optimization. Based on inputs given, the treatment recommendations have been appropriate when compared to the most up-to-date HF treatment guidelines. The algorithm has also correctly identified levels of urgency for therapeutic recommendations. Finally, we have also shown the algorithm to have effectiveness for identifying areas of inappropriately adjusted therapy. Preliminary results have led to changes to the functionality of the algorithm, including how medications are retrieved from the EHR’s and how medication doses are identified. Previous iterations created discrepancies in dosing and the algorithm has since been adjusted. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: By verifying its validity, our algorithm can accurately flag patients with HFrEF that are eligible for therapy optimization and give providers the opportunity to make appropriate changes. Given the high health and financial burdens of HFrEF, our algorithm has the ability to provide significant morbidity, mortality, and financial benefits.

Objectives/Goals: To design and implement programming that better prepares graduate students for diverse roles in a variety of workforce environments, our study models the training landscape and programming needs of graduate students in behavioral, clinical, and biomedical graduate programs at a large Midwestern school of medicine and public health. Methods/Study Population: We conducted six focus groups (two graduate program manager focus groups and four graduate student focus groups), to assess the programming, career development, and training needs of graduate students. Using a grounded theory approach, we first engaged in open coding of a sample of transcripts. After developing a codebook, we continued with an iterative coding process interspersed with coder meetings to discuss emerging and changing codes. Using the framework of landscape analysis allowed our coding and modeling to go beyond graduate student needs and study the varying relationships and contexts that impact graduate students throughout their training, such as relationship to supervisor or institutional policies. Results/Anticipated Results: Preliminary results indicate that students wrestle with their status as both students and workers. Specifically, conflict arises between graduate and supervisor expectations around time spent in class, lab, and other career development activities based on these divergent roles. Students and program managers also note the disparities that arise from the university’s lack of standard, formalized policy on labor issues, such as paid leave. Data also suggest that students on training grants note the difference in access to career development resources compared to colleagues. In many cases, students themselves coordinate ad hoc programming to better suit their career and professional development needs, although this work is not a required aspect of their training. Discussion/Significance of Impact: We characterize current graduate training landscapes, which continue to shift as graduate student bodies diversify, unionize, and express interest in increasingly varied biomedical careers. Data from multiple perspectives facilitate creating, implementing, and evaluating supportive training programs that meet identified student needs.

Objectives/Goals: This study aims to quantitatively examine successful US researchers who may engage in pragmatic ’negotiation’ over time with external funders, their university administration, and other scientific and scholarly parties about their research lines and content. Methods/Study Population: The purpose of this quantitative correlational research is to pilot a new quantitative survey tool to measure researcher autonomy in selecting and pursuing their research agendas. The current study is modeled after a landmark peer-reviewed publication on negotiated space in evaluating researchers’ agendas in Finland and the United Kingdom by Luukkonen and Thomas in 2016. Using a mixed methods design, the study surveys NIH Director’s Pioneer and Keck Foundation Awardees (2018–2021) to assess perceptions of autonomy, competition, and institutional support. This study examines how NIH-funded researchers adapt grant strategies to shifting NIH priorities while preserving autonomy. Results/Anticipated Results: Of 24 respondents, most were White and male, with varied project portfolios and funding levels. Many described their fields as resource-intensive, with typical projects lasting 3–5 years. Primary funding sources were generally flexible, though stability and administrative burdens were concerns. Most researchers reported shifts in research aims driven by field developments rather than institutional pressures, with limited involvement in commercialization. Collaborations with global and industry leaders were common and largely stable. Overall, findings suggest US researchers adapt strategically to funding realities while balancing autonomy, collaboration, and institutional support. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study demonstrates how US researchers balance autonomy with demands from funders and institutions within a “negotiated space.” Funding is flexible but administratively burdensome. Findings highlight the tension between innovation and external directives shaping research agendas.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To describe principles, best practices, and techniques recommended to instill deep understanding of the application and interpretation of statistical techniques and statistical inference among translational scientists and trainees, that best support the concepts of scientific Rigor, Reproducibility and Reporting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Each of the six New York City Area Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design (BERD) resources have strong educational programs, novel curricular components, and creative strategies, implemented by award winning educators. To capitalize on shared knowledge, innovation, and resources, the six teams formed the New York City Area BERD Collaborative (NYC-ABC) comprised of BERD resources from Mt. Sinai, Cornell, Einstein, Columbia, Rockefeller, and NYU. The collaborative suggests principles, concepts, tools and approaches to support the concepts of scientific Rigor, Reproducibility and Reporting in translational science. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Principles:

• Value of team science approach and including biostatisticians early and often.

• Carefully designing experiments to reduce bias and increase precision.

• Trainees’ focus is often on “statistical significance” and the p-value. Consequences of data dredging/p-hacking, and the impact of sample size and other factors on statistical significance.

• Emphasizing the effect size and answering the scientific hypothesis when reporting results.

• Statistical code used to produce results should be well annotated and raw data posted online to enhance reproducibility.

• Incorporate effective multiple modalities (i.e. didactic, demonstrative, hands on workshops, applications, and tools).

• Approach from “the drivers’ seat” perspective, rather than strictly mathematical.

• Endorse flipped classroom approach

DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Like any complex discipline, biostatistical education can be approached from several dimensions, but it remains essential to focus on fundamental goals of science. We remind our trainees that the goal of science is to create knowledge, not to “find significance”. Deep understanding of inferential methods and proper interpretation of results are key. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: None.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Mobile app may help improve the depression symptoms among underserved patients OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Depression is one of most common mental health conditions and the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting about one in 10 adults in the US. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that affect feasibility of incorporating mobile app self-management tools for depression in integrated primary care settings. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study of depressed patients at two primary care clinics in a Midwest academic medical center. Adult patients (≥19 years) who had an active or previous diagnosis of depression were included in the study. A self-administered survey collected information pertaining to demographics, smartphone ownership, data plan type, smartphone application usage, mobile app self-management interest, health literacy, and patient activation. Chi-square analysis was conducted to compare the patient demographic characteristics, the smartphone ownership, phone plan, smartphone use for health information between two clinics. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the patient activation and patient characteristics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Over 80% of patients owned a smartphone, 80.5% were willing to use data for depression management, and 68.9% believe an app can help in depression management. A higher literacy level was significantly associated with higher level of patient activation (Chi-square=8.5453; p=0.0360). These results suggest that planning interventions that use mobile apps within this patient population is likely feasible and the intended underserved patients at these clinics have an interest in using depression related apps which is similar to findings found by other studies exploring app interest. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Understanding patient activation levels within a given population can help to shape corresponding needs. The use of depression related self-management mobile apps will likely require the development of educational materials to facilitate patient use and engagement which means understanding the literacy needs of this population as well.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Specialty care for asthmatic children should prevent adverse asthma outcomes. This study of children receiving care in the Arkansas Medicaid program used a comparative effectiveness research design to test whether allergy specialty care was associated with reduced adverse asthma outcomes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using the Arkansas All Payer Claims Database we studied Medicaid-enrolled children with asthma using a propensity score greedy nearest neighbor one-to-one matching algorithm. We matched children with (treatment) and without (comparison) an allergy specialist visit in 2018. The propensity score model included 26 covariates (demographic, clinical, and social determinants of health). Multivariable adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate adverse asthma events (AAE: emergency department visit or inpatient hospitalization with a primary or secondary diagnosis of asthma in 2019). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We identified 3,031 children with an allergy specialist visit in 2018, and successfully propensity-score matched 2,910 of the treatment group with a non-allergy specialist visit comparison group. The rate of AAEs in 2019 was 9.5% for individuals with an allergy specialist visit versus 10.1% among those without a specialist visit (p=0.450). The adjusted regression analysis showed 20.3% lower rates of AAEs (aOR: 0.797; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.650, 0.977; p=0.029) in 2019 for children with an allergy specialist visit in 2018 compared to those that did not. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Utilizing allergy specialist care was associated with better asthma outcomes in our statewide study of Arkansas Medicaid-enrolled children with asthma. Asthma quality metrics based on guideline-based recommendations for allergy specialist care should be considered in population health management programs.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To test whether implementing DASH-aligned meals in a congregate meal program, combined with Self-Measured Blood Pressure (SMBP) monitoring, lowers systolic blood pressure in community-living seniors at two senior centers. Secondary Aims included cognitive and behavioral change, and attention to client preferences. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Carter Burden Network (CBN) provides services and congregate meals to older adults in NYC, many with low income, and unmet health needs. Eligible participants at two CBN sites, aged 60 or older and consuming >4 congregate meals/week, were recruited. After baseline assessments, participants received DASH-aligned meals onsite, education on nutrition and BP management, and personal devices and support for self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring. Primary outcome data (BP measured by health professional) was collected at Month 1, with secondary assessments at Months 3 and 6. Staff downloaded SMBP data regularly. Study surveys tracked cognitive and behavioral changes. Qualitative feedback from a project Advisory Committee, participants and study partners was collected throughout implementation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 97 Participants enrolled (49% White, 32% Black, 19% Other races; mean age 73). At Baseline, 67% were overweight/obese; 80% were hypertensive (32% Stage I; 48% Stage 2). Primary outcome: Mean change in systolic BP at Month 1 compared to Baseline, was -4.41 mmHg (n= 61; p=0.07). By multiple regression analysis, change in BP at Month 1 was associated with BMI, age, and baseline blood pressure (p= .02, .04, .00, respectively). SMBP: Mean change in systolic SMBP by End-of-Study was -6.9 mmHg (p=.003). 56% participants completed SMBP through Month 1 and 30% to End-of-Study. Mean frequency of > 1 SMBP measure/day was 3 days/week. Women (n= 22, 88%) and Black participants (n= 15, 60%) were more likely to continue taking their home blood pressure measurements to End-of-Study (p=.002, p=.037, respectively). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides the first data to support the potential of DASH as part of an effective community-implemented program for seniors and demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a multi-component intervention using existing congregate meal programs at senior centers that can reach minority and low-income communities.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Patients with gynecologic cancer are known to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the postoperative period secondary to hypercoagulability from both malignancy and pelvic surgery. Recent literature suggests that chemotherapy itself may be thrombogenic and prophylaxis may be beneficial in ambulatory patients receiving chemotherapy. Although extended VTE prophylaxis is commonly given after surgical staging, administration of prophylactic anticoagulation during chemotherapy or radiation treatment is not routinely performed. This study seeks to characterize risk factors and timing of VTE in a cohort of women diagnosed with uterine serous carcinoma (USC). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: After institutional review board approval, a cross-sectional study was performed of all women diagnosed with USC between January 1999 and January 2016 at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14.2 (Stata Statistical Software: Release 14, 2015. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP). Baseline clinical data was analyzed to calculate descriptive statistics. Normality of continuous variables was visually assessed and if no substantial violations were noted, data was reported as means±standard deviations. Otherwise, they were reported as medians with interquartile ranges. Categorical data was presented as number of patients with percentages. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between clinical variables and diagnosis of VTE. Continuous variables (age, body mass index, number of risk factors for VTE) were visually assessed for normality. Levene’s test was used to assess for equal variance among groups. If no substantial violations were noted, means and standard deviations were calculated using 2 sample t-test for equal variance. Variables violating normality assumptions were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, calculating medians and interquartile ranges. Categorical and dichotomous variables (VTE risk factors, race, stage) were examined using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test (if expected values for more than 20% of cells were less than 5). Odds ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Using a backwards stepwise elimination approach, a multivariable logistic regression model was fit to accurately examine association of risk factors with VTE, adjusting for other covariates. The resulting model was assessed for calibration and discrimination using Hosmer-Lemeshow test for goodness of fit, classification table, and ROC curve. Regression diagnostics were run in order to identify potentially influential covariate patterns in the model. First-order interactions were assessed for using product interaction terms (interaction defined as p-value for the likelihood ratio test <0.05). The resulting model was assessed for calibration and discrimination using Hosmer-Lemeshow test for goodness of fit, classification table, and ROC curve. A Cox proportional hazards model was also fit in order to examine the association between individual covariates and time to clot development. Log-rank testing was performed to compare survivorship experience by groups and survivorship curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Assumptions of the proportional hazards model was confirmed visually using log-log plots and goodness of fit assessment. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 413 patients were identified for inclusion in the study. The majority of patients (83%) were of non-White race. Bivariate analysis revealed no significant associations between age, BMI, or race with diagnosis of VTE (p=0.75, 0.49, and 0.28, respectively). Patients who had more than 2 risk factors for VTE had a significantly increased likelihood of VTE diagnosis (p=0.02). There was a highly significant association between stage of USC and diagnosis of VTE (p=0.005). Patients with stage III and stage IV cancer were 2.4 and 3.5 times more likely to develop VTE than patients with stage I cancer (95% CI: 1.09–5.30, 1.74–6.83, respectively). Of the 70 patients who were diagnosed with VTE, most were not postoperative (64.3%) and a large proportion developed clots while receiving chemotherapy (35.7%). Patients who developed VTE while on chemotherapy had a median Khorana score of 1 (IQR: 1, 2). In logistic regression modeling examining association of VTE with potential risk factors, covariates selected as significant for inclusion at the p<0.25 level included cancer stage, composite number of risk factors, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and COPD. Composite risk score was identified to be a potential confounder of the relationship between individual risk factors and development of clot and was therefore left in the model for adjustment. After adjusting for other covariates, only stage 4 disease (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.53, −4.64) and hypertension (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.14–7.36) were associated with development of VTE and were included in the final model. No concerning violation of assumptions of logistic regression or interaction was identified. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test identified that the model was well-fit using 10 groupings (p=0.35) and receiver operator characteristic testing showed that the model had acceptable discrimination with a ROC value of 0.7. The final model was found to classify 83.1% of participants correctly. Regression diagnostics identified 4 potentially influential covariate patterns. These patterns were eliminated from the model and no meaningful differences were noted. Patients contributed a total of 16,414 person months of analysis time in study follow-up. A negative, linear association was noted between stage of cancer and time to clot development. Long-rank testing revealed a significant difference in failure by stage of disease (p<0.001) and presence of hypertension (p=0.03). Cox proportional hazard modeling revealed that after adjustment for other covariates, only cancer stage and the presence of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with time to failure. Patients with cardiovascular disease had a 2.02-fold increased risk of CVD compared to those without CVD (95% CI: 1.16–3.47). Those with stage 3 and 4 cancer were 3.19 (95% CI: 1.53-6.64) and 8.05 (95% CI: 4.11–15.78) fold more likely to develop VTE compared to those with stage 1 disease, respectively. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study demonstrated that patients with USC are at high risk of developing VTE at all time points after their disease diagnosis, not just those who have undergone recent surgery. This risk is highest for women with hypertension, CVD, and stages III and IV disease. The fact that patients who developed clots on chemotherapy had an average Khorana score of 1, suggesting that they would not have been successfully risk stratified using previously published tools. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a high hazard for VTE in patients with serious endometrial cancer even several months after surgical staging. Although this is a retrospective study and cannot make inferences about VTE incidence, it generates the hypothesis that extended VTE prophylaxis may be beneficial in this cohort of patients regardless of their latency from surgical staging. Large randomized studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Identify ways surveys capture the needs of researchers and community partners (CPs) to build a supportive community-engaged research (CEnR) infrastructure Identify strategies to match existing CEnR researchers and CPs who are interested in future CEnR projects Address educational needs of CPs and researchers for sustainable partnerships METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Penn State Community Health Equity & Engagement Research (CHEER) Initiative team developed and implemented surveys to capture the unique interests of Penn State researchers and community partners (CPs) in an effort to build a supportive community-engaged research (CEnR) infrastructure. CPs and researchers were identified from the Penn State Clinical and Translational Science CEnR Core, prior engagement in research studies, and through tracking systems of individuals interested in research. The researcher and CP surveys ascertained detailed information of existing CEnR projects and interests in future community-academic partnerships. These results guided six workshops including an Introduction to Community-Engaged Research, Community-Facing Grant Writing, and Research Ethics Training for CPs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 99 PSU researchers and 119 community partners (CPs) throughout PA communities completed the baseline surveys. From the data collected, the CHEER Initiative cataloged over 100 CEnR projects, researcher interests, resources/support needed to jumpstart future CEnR projects, types of CPs, PA regions represented by CPs and researchers, and training resources needed to prepare CPs to engage in research efforts. Heat maps illuminating researcher/CP engagement were generated from survey results. While CEnR research projects spanned all 67 PA counties, several studies were in concentrated areas, and thus allow for opportunities to target CEnR outreach in less engaged areas. Data analysis from follow-up surveys will continue to serve as a foundation to best support existing and future CEnR projects. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The CHEER Initiative’s purpose is to reduce health disparities and increase wellness throughout underrepresented PA communities by promoting community-engaged research (CEnR). Surveys used to capture both CEnR interests of Penn State researchers and community partners built a successful and sustainable infrastructure for meeting this goal.

The Common Metrics Initiative aims to develop and field metrics to improve research processes within the national Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium. A Median Accrual Ratio (MAR) common metric was developed to assess the results of efforts to increase subject accrual into a set of clinical trials within the expected time period. A pilot test of the MAR was undertaken at Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) with eight CTSA Consortium hubs. Post-pilot interviews were conducted with 9 CTSA Principal Investigators (PIs) and 23 pilot team members. Over three-quarters (78%) of respondents reported that the MAR could be useful for performance improvement, but also described limitations or concerns. The most commonly cited barrier to MAR use for performance improvement was difficulty in interpreting the single value that is produced. Most respondents were interested in using the MAR to assess recruitment at an individual trial level. Majority of respondents (63%) had mixed opinions about aggregating metric results across the CTSA Consortium for comparison or benchmarking. Collecting data about additional contextual factors, and comparing accrual between subgroups, were cited as potentially helping address concerns about aggregation. Significant challenges remain in ensuring that the MAR can be sufficiently useful for collaborative process improvement. We offer recommendations to potentially improve metric usefulness.

In randomized clinical trials, participant retention is critical to ensure the validity and unbiased interpretation of study results. Within a multisite trial of individuals with high impact chronic pain, we explored whether a letter mailed in advance of follow-up study assessments at 3-, 6-, and 12-months from randomization improved participant retention. 4063 advance letters were mailed to 2037 participants at least once throughout their study participation. Increases in participant retention and follow-up assessment rates were observed across all study groups, sites, and timepoints. Mailing a letter in advance of follow-up study assessments in this randomized clinical trial improved participant retention.