To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
We consider a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f: M \to M$ without periodic points on a closed manifold M. We prove that f is accessible when M is a 3-manifold with non-virtually-solvable fundamental group $\pi _1(M)$. In the case where $\dim E^c = 1$, we demonstrate that the center bundle $E^c$ is uniquely integrable if f lacks accessibility. Furthermore, we provide a complete characterization of accessibility classes for such systems with one-dimensional center bundles.
What visitors see in a museum display case is not just an object. It is the result of a long chain of invisible filters (what survived, what was collected, what a curator decided to show) that shape our picture of the past. This paper uses the image of a mosaic, missing many of its tiles, to explore how museums construct knowledge rather than simply presenting it, and asks what museums can do once they recognise this. Taking ancient Egypt as a case study (a field whose modern shape still carries the marks of nineteenth-century colonial collecting), this paper looks closely at one recent attempt to put these ideas into practice: the hall Searching for Life at the Museo Egizio in Turin, dedicated to the display of human remains, implemented after years of scientific study, public consultation, and internal ethical debate. The hall does not aim to resolve all the existing tensions: it offers instead a working example of how a museum can hold those tensions in view, rather than disguising them as settled. This paper argues that the way forward is to make these filters visible, turning the missing tiles of the mosaic into part of the story a museum tells.
This chapter focuses on how to evaluate and improve the performance of health systems. It frames performance as a relative concept: how well a system attains its goals compared to what is achievable under given circumstances. It examines how health system architecture, including vertical and horizontal integration, influences performance. We also argue that improving performance requires strengthening key system components and propose four priority areas (the “LIST” elements): leadership, institutions, systems design, and technologies. Finally, the chapter argues that health systems must be accountable for determinants they can influence, even if external, and stresses the importance of rigorous assessment methods to inform evidence-based policy and effective reforms.
Archaeological practice has historically privileged fieldwork-intensive methodologies that systematically exclude practitioners whose bodies, minds, or life circumstances diverge from disciplinary norms. Drawing on crip theory and intersectional disability studies, this article uses the Homo archaeologus archetype—an often idealized archaeologist characterized by able-bodiedness, neurotypicality, cisgender identity, and physical presence in the field—which functions as both professional stereotype and gatekeeping mechanism. I argue that moving beyond accommodation-based approaches toward accessibility-centered design transforms not only who can participate in archaeology but what the discipline can know. This article proposes a four-pillar framework for inclusive archaeological practice: (1) Slow, restructuring temporal rhythms to prioritize deliberation over efficiency; (2) Digital, integrating computational methods as core archaeology rather than post-fieldwork analysis; (3) Immersive, employing technologies such as photogrammetry and virtual reality (VR) to multiply modes of engagement with archaeological contexts; and (4) Accessible, designing projects from the outset for diverse participation rather than retrofitting accommodations afterward. Through case studies from archaeological projects, I show that these pillars, in one form or another, are already operational in contemporary practice and that recognizing marginalized practitioners as methodological innovators—rather than problems requiring accommodation—strengthens archaeological rigor while expanding epistemic possibilities. This framework reframes accessibility not as an optional enhancement but as a fundamental methodology that benefits all practitioners while centering those historically excluded from disciplinary legitimacy.
Civil war in Sudan has created what the UN called the world’s worst humanitarian crisis and has endangered cultural heritage through damage and looting. Partnering with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, the authors present details of a collaborative project to digitally preserve and disseminate Sudanese heritage currently at risk.
Research on animal disability (defined here as the loss of a critical adaptation that impacts the animal’s stability, mobility, typical behaviour, or perception) remains limited, often focusing on individual case studies or a narrow range of taxa, particularly mammals. This reflects broader taxonomic biases in behaviour and welfare sciences, which may contribute to differences in the care and management of disabilities across species in human care. Zoological organisations offer an ideal opportunity to research animal disability, yet the prevalence of disability and related care practices has not been previously documented. To address this, a survey was shared with organisations accredited through the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) to assess the prevalence and taxa of animals with disabilities, explore care staff perceptions of disabled animal welfare, and document modifications provided to animals with disabilities. There were 115 respondents, representing 45 organisations (approximately 19% of AZA-accredited organisations). All but one organisation (98% of organisations surveyed) reported having an animal with a disability in their care, suggesting that animals with disabilities may be common in zoological organisations. Animals with disabilities were reported from all vertebrate groups as well as arachnids, insects, and other invertebrates. Birds, mammals, and reptiles were the most likely to receive care and management modifications for their disability. Animal care staff perceived the welfare of animals with disabilities as similar to animals without disabilities. These data can serve as a foundation for future research on animal disability that can inform strategies to enhance welfare for animals in human care.
The Roman economy was based on agricultural production that fed large cities such its capital Rome. One of the key elements was the transport connection of those small farms and villae to local and interprovincial markets reaching destinies in a short time and with relatively low costs: This chapter attempts to explain how Romans managed to do so.
Archaeology is in the midst of a technological revolution, particularly for data collection, first championed by light detection and ranging (lidar) in the early 2000s and now with widespread applications of unmanned aerial systems (UAS)-deployed remote sensing. While the importance of remote sensing for data collection and heritage conservation is known, less work has acknowledged the implications of remote sensing for field safety, particularly for disabled researchers. UAS offer a unique opportunity to explore circumstances that may affect mobility in the field and how advances in archaeological science can transform fieldwork by improving accessibility for disabled archaeologists. I argue that UAS can—and should—be improved to promote accessibility in archaeological fieldwork, due to their promotion of field safety, increased planning of daily tasks, and broader applications to community-engaged research. These interventions should be applied to the larger field of archaeology to improve labor management for researchers in all sectors of practice.
This study aims to investigate the key characteristics of a device to support patients with hearing impairments in utilising deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy (RT).
Method:
A qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted both online and in person with 11 participants, including key stakeholders from a range of backgrounds: radiation oncologists, radiation therapists, medical physicists, RT service managers, industry vendors, and deaf service users. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, following the six-step approach outlined by Braun and Clarke.
Results:
Participants’ attitudes towards a device were explored across four key themes:
• Device characteristics
• Shape and size
• Interference with treatment
• Associated challenges
Thematic analysis identified several unifying themes, including the importance of co-designing a device incorporating both vibrational and visual elements. Overall, participants expressed a preference for a small and wireless device.
Conclusion:
This study identified potential characteristics for a device to support patients with hearing impairments in accessing DIBH during their radiation therapy treatment. A device incorporating both visual and vibrational elements may be optimal for addressing the diverse needs of patients in this cohort.
Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism where a neutral third party intervenes in a dispute to help the parties achieve their goals, such as finding an agreement. In this chapter, we examine how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to further enhance and expand the process of mediation. We explore a variety of different integration points between AI and mediation as illustrated by academic research projects, focused on supporting the disputants and mediator. Then, we discuss some overall insights that can be gained from these projects, including opportunities and challenges that arise when integrating AI in mediation. Overall, we see AI as having significant potential in both increasing the efficiency of mediation and introducing new elements to mediation. Hopefully, these integrations will increase the accessibility and further enhance the benefits of mediation, thus contributing to a more harmonious society.
What is access and how has accessibility—as a perceptual frame, a discourse, a box to check, and a relationship—infiltrated our everyday lives and become a means for adjudicating whether we live in inhabitable worlds in India and internationally? This article draws from a roundtable discussion at a 2024 disability studies and disability justice conference held in Kolkata, India, as well as interviews and participant observation conducted with disabled Indians to explore the meanings of access and to think about alternative concepts or frameworks that are used instead.
Lithium is the only true mood stabiliser as it is able to both treat and prevent mania and depression. In practice, its popularity has declined despite discovering it has anti-suicidal and neuroprotective properties. Here, we argue for recognition of its benefits and advocate for its clinical use more widely.
The skeletal remains of almost 25 700 people excavated in the UK between 1869 and 2008 are unaccounted for. Although their existence is recorded in a human-remains database, their current location is unknown. Here, the authors explore the research, legal and ethical implications of this missing heritage, arguing that difficulties in accessing human remains from smaller sites or under-represented regions stifle research into past lives and contribute to the overuse and potential damage of well-known skeletal collections. To combat this, and to safeguard legacy and future collections, the authors (re)advocate the imperative for a centralised database of human remains.
Hip-hop’s relationship to disability has been as long and complex as the culture itself. This chapter discusses the multiple ways that disabled artists and audience members have engaged, remixed, and transformed hip-hop through their work, activism, and building of communities. It considers prominent disabled hip-hop artists (like Bushwick Bill of the Geto Boys), the presence of disability-specific aesthetics and imagery in subgenres like hyphy or “mumble rap,” and tenacious questions of ableism within the music (and the music industry), and it explores the work of disabled people outside the commercial music industry to expand and redefine the culture. Most specifically, it traces the development of Krip-Hop Nation, which emerged from linked movements for racial and disability justice to gain an international presence for disabled rap artists and fans.
In this chapter, multiple anti-oppressive and liberative lenses are reviewed and discussed as application to anti-oppressive decolonial clinical social work supervision and leadership practice. This chapter both review of the theory or practice lens and an emphasis on application to practice. By design subsequent chapters will overlap, deep dive, and offer multiple practice views of several concepts offered in this chapter.
Academic statistical consulting centers collaborate and provide statistical support to faculty and graduate students for their research projects. Clients seeking statistical support may face communication and cognitive accessibility barriers that consultants may not be aware of. Many researchers do not disclose their personal circumstances, such as neurodivergent behaviors. Universal Design for Learning is a framework that aims to support individuals regardless of their abilities or learning styles, by providing multiple means of engagement, presentation, and action and expression. Adapting these principles for statistical consulting and taking time to assess specific needs of individuals helps improve the experiences of clients and consultants and leads to high quality statistical support and successful completion of research projects. We propose an organizational framework applicable to statistical consulting environments aligned with accessibility guidelines to improve access and empower clients and consultants. Providing a respectful environment where differences are normalized and welcomed creates a sense of belonging for everyone.
Chapter 6 looks at the failures of educational innovation during the Covid-19 crisis. As schools scrambled to adapt to remote learning, remote proctoring technologies rapidly expanded. They implemented surveillance systems that violated student privacy and disproportionately harmed vulnerable students. Despite claims of maintaining academic integrity, remote proctoring created a stressful, punitive environment that prioritized monitoring over genuine educational support while failing to do nearly enough to address the inequalities at the heart of accessing and using digital resources. Sadly, the rush to innovate missed crucial opportunities to upgrade core educational infrastructure and truly support students during a time of unprecedented challenge. As if this wasn’t bad enough, some schools continue to use remote proctoring software. A pandemic problem has thus become the new normal.
In this paper, we take a participatory approach to the study of Disabled DJs’ experiences of navigating dance music culture. In collaboration with Drake Music – a leading UK charity on disability, music, and technology – we report on empirical research conducted with Disabled DJs, including media diaries and interviews, and consider our results in relation to dance music and disability scholarship. We show that being Disabled can both enrich and pose barriers to DJing, including experiences of hyperempathy for the dancefloor, conflicted feelings about dancing, and destabilising notions of DJ authenticity. DJing offers a role through which Disabled people can participate in the social and creative practices afforded by dance music culture, away from the crowd and through the music. In this way, this research challenges key essentialisms in dance music scholarship and disability research, including the centrality of dance and body movement and the social deficits of neurodivergence.
Recent surveys have suggested that over half of UK households own a pet. One important aspect to this ownership is ensuring that access to appropriate veterinary care is available for their pets. To measure the ease of accessibility to such care, three aspects are important, the local demand for veterinary care, the supply of care, and the ease of travel to obtain the care. For the first element, in this study estimates were made of the household pet population for all neighbourhoods in England and Wales (36,672 neighbourhoods each containing approximately 700 households). Information regarding the location and number of veterinarians working in local practices was then used, with vehicle journey times, to provide a measure of accessibility to veterinary care. It was found that the more affluent and rural locations have better accessibility to veterinary care than deprived and urban locations. The detailed geography of the estimates provided by this study enabled the location of potential ‘veterinary deserts’ to be identified. With this knowledge additional provision can be prioritised to such locations with a view to improving the welfare of companion animals. Not only will this improve the accessibility of veterinary care but, through competition, this also has the potential to reduce care costs. Thus, the likelihood of pets receiving the care they need will improve. Whilst this study focuses upon England and Wales, the methodology presented would be equally valid in other settings where appropriate data exist.
This chapter covers the core concepts of digital accessibility, including different definitions of accessibility, born-accessible design, technical standards for accessibility such as WCAG and EPUB3, core legal rules for accessibility including Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Air Carrier Access Act, and the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, as well as state laws related to digital accessibility. This chapter also describes concepts in the legal framework including effective communications and nexus.