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Ka-band thin-film compact cascaded reflective-type phase shifter exploiting CVD-grown-graphene diode
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies / Volume 17 / Issue 9 / November 2025
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 July 2025, pp. 1461-1469
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- Article
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This paper presents the design, implementation, and characterization of a compact two-stage analog phase-shifter for the Ka-band, based on thin-film technology. The design utilizes a reflective-type configuration, employing four metal-insulator-graphene diodes as reflective loads. The fabricated prototype is realized on an 8-µ m-thick flexible polyimide substrate and occupies less than 0.7 mm2 of chip area including the contact pads. Performance evaluation of the fabricated circuit reveals an S11 of better than −13 dB and an S21 of −3.3 dB with a tolerance of ± 0.5 dB across the frequency band from 28 to 36 GHz, along with a tunable phase difference (
$\Delta\phi$) exceeding 70∘. The introduced flexible thin-film technology promotes the realization of flexible cost-effective beam steering for smart surfaces implementations for communication and biomedical applications.
