Chapter 5 discusses a series of orders issued by commanders of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in each country the two army groups occupied. It argues that these orders make it clear that the attacks on civilians were not part of leadership policy. However, several factors prevented the implementation of a strict disciplinary. Although relatively few soldiers and officers were punished, thousands of soldiers were prosecuted for crimes against civilians in Europe, including rape. The most frequent punishment was that troops’ found responsible for attacking civilians were sent to penal units. The chapter also argues that the disciplinary regime was stricter in “friendly” Yugoslavia and “neutral” Bulgaria than in “enemy” Romania, Hungary, and Austria.