The chapter argues that propaganda in the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts had three goals: to motivate the troops to fight, to encourage disciplined conduct and correct treatment of civilians, and to instill patriotism and pride in the Soviet Union. The political departments passionately preached hate against the enemy to motivate the troops to fight, which fuelled violence against civilians from enemy countries. Soviet officials were aware of this problem, but they always viewed the troops’ morale and combat capacity as more important than the need to minimize attacks against civilians. Hate propaganda usually stopped after an enemy was vanquished, except in Austria. There, from the outset of the two army groups’ entry into the country, the official message was that Austrians were the Germans’ first victims. In contrast to the “enemy” countries, the Red Army’s propaganda consistently cultivated a pro-Bulgarian and pro-Yugoslav atmosphere in the ranks by telling the troops positive stories about the two countries.