The global obesity pandemic poses a significant threat to public health. A critical first step in addressing childhood obesity is ensuring that parents can accurately identify their child’s weight status. However, a widespread misperception of a child’s weight, particularly an underestimation of overweight or obesity, is a major barrier to effective prevention and intervention. Understanding the factors that contribute to this misperception is essential for developing targeted public health strategies.

The objective of this study was to evaluate parental perception of their child’s weight and investigate the factors associated with underestimation in a lower middle-income country (LMIC).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected kindergartens to ensure a representative sample. All enrolled children and their parents were invited to participate. Data were collected via a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic. Anthropometric measurements were taken for all participating children

A total of 364 children aged 3 to 5 years, along with their parents, participated. Of the children, 51.4% were boys. A striking 63.1% (95% CI [58.1-68.1]) of parents underestimated their child’s weight, while only 34.9% (95% CI [29.9-39.8]) perceived it correctly. The remaining 2% (95% CI [0.5-3.3]) overestimated it.

Multivariate analysis showed a strong link between parental underestimation of a child’s weight and several key factors. We found that parents who underestimated their own weight were over six times more likely to underestimate their child’s weight (aOR=6.43, 95% CI [2.48-16.66], p<0.001). Additionally, a father’s excess weight (aOR=3.22, 95% CI [1.53-6.77], p=0.002) and a child’s overweight status (aOR=6.01, 95% CI [1.16-31.14], p=0.033) were also significantly associated with this misperception. A similar trend was observed for childhood obesity (OR=3.59, 95% CI [0.93-13.87], p=0.063).

Our findings reveal that a significant majority of parents in this LMIC setting underestimate their child’s weight. This widespread misperception is a critical barrier to effective obesity prevention and may play a crucial role in sustaining the obesity epidemic in developing countries. To address this, a multidisciplinary strategy is urgently needed to not only modify lifestyle and environmental factors but also to change cultural and social norms surrounding weight perception.

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Chronic fatigue is common symptom that may affect individuals’ life. This condition is particularly concerning among health care workers and may affect their mental health and well-being.

Our study aimed to measure the proportion of fatigue chronic syndrom among health workers and its associated factors.

A cross-sectional was performed among a random sample of healthcare workers at univesity Hospital Farhat Hached Sousse Tunisia. We excluded all professionals presetting severe chronic conditions. Fatigue chronic syndrome was accessed using chronic fatigue syndrome scale (FCS). Life quality was measured using SF12 questionnaire and depression using PHQ9 form.

Our population consisted of 205 participants, including 89.3% men. The sex ratio M/W was 0.12. Participants were 18% medical doctors, 1.5% nursing assistants, 42.4% nurses and 38% health technicians. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) affected 11.2% of participants. Among health workers, 4.4% presented CSF like with insufficient fatigue and 22% chronic idiopathic syndrome. Among women 12,6% presented a CFS compared to one men (4.5%) (p=0,078). No significant association was found between CFS and night work (P=0,491). From nurses and health technicians, 12.5% presented a chronic fatigue syndrome compared to 5.4% of doctors without a significant difference (p=0.216). Physical quality of life score was significantly higher among participants with CFS (35.15±6 vs 44.56±8.75, p<0.001). The same result was found for mental quality of life. CFS group presented Higher score of depression (12.17±5.6) compared to the group with no CFS (5.43±3.92) (p<0.006). No association was observed with vitamin D level.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is prevalent among healthcare workers, with a significant impact on both physical and mental quality of life. Its association with depression underscores the need for proactive support and screening. Although a non-significant association was observed between vitamin D levels and fatigue, further research with a larger sample size is warranted to clarify this potential link and inform targeted interventions.

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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major occupational health problem, often leading to pain, disability, and reduced productivity. Tailors are particularly vulnerable due to prolonged sitting and repetitive tasks, which may significantly affect their quality of life.

To evaluate the effect of WMSDs on tailors’ quality of life in a clothing factory in Tunisia.

Cross sectional study conducted in collaboration with the department of occupational medicine and the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation in teaching Hospitals. The study was carried out during 6 months among tailors working in a private clothing factory. Data collection included socio-demographic information, lifestyle habits, and professional details, gathered through a structured questionnaire. We used Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for Musculoskeletal Symptoms for WMSD evaluation. To evaluate symptoms and quality of life of participants we used Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ).

A total of 130 tailors were included in the study. The mean age was 43.9±12.3 years. All participants were women. The prevalence of WRMSDs in this population was 87%. The neck involvement was the most common (69.2%). The mean score of MSK-HQ was 44.2±9.7. Eighty women (61.5%) had poor quality of life (MSK-HQ score < 50). Results showed that an increase in the number of joints affected was associated with a significant decrease in the MSK-HQ score.

This study highlights the high prevalence of WMSDs among Tunisian tailors and their substantial negative impact on quality of life. These findings underscore the need for preventive occupational health measures and ergonomic interventions in clothing factories.

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Healthcare workers are regularly exposed to high levels of occupational stress, which may lead to physiological and endocrine alterations. Thyroid function, known to be particularly sensitive to stress-induced hormonal variations, could be affected, especially among women, a population more prone to fatigue and hormonal imbalances.

To evaluate the relationship between perceived stress levels and thyroid function among female healthcare professionals.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathologies of Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, over a one-year period from February 1, 2024, to February 28, 2025.

Female healthcare professionals aged 25 to 49 years, with at least one year of professional experience, were randomly recruited after providing written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria included personal or family history of thyroid disorders or psychiatric illnesses, as well as the use of medications likely to affect thyroid function within the four months preceding the study.

Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire covering sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, in addition to anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index [BMI]). Perceived stress was assessed using the Cohen and Williamson Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Reference ranges were defined as follows: 0.25–4.5 mIU/L for TSH and 12–22 pmol/L for fT4.

A total of 91 female healthcare professionals were included in the study.

The mean age was 37.36 ± 5.26 years, ranging from 26 to 49 years.

Overall, 94.5% of participants had normal thyroid function (TSH < 4.5 mIU/L with normal fT4), while the remaining presented with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.5 mIU/L with normal fT4).

Regarding stress levels, 7.7% had a low PSS score, 74.7% had a moderate score, and 17.6% had a high perceived stress score. No significant differences were observed between women with normal thyroid function and those with subclinical hypothyroidism.

A positive correlation was found between PSS scores and TSH levels (correlation coefficient = 0.058), although this association was not statistically significant.

The findings of this study suggest a trend toward a positive correlation between perceived stress scores and serum TSH concentrations, although the association did not reach statistical significance. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to better assess the impact of stress on thyroid function, particularly among female healthcare professionals.

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There are areas in society where expressions of aggression are acceptable and used to respond. The expansion of areas of legitimized expression of aggression leads to an increase in manifestations of aggression also in illegitimated areas. The identification of values related to legitimization of aggression can show new ways of prevention of aggressive actions.

The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between values and legitimized aggression in mental disorder and in a control groups.

The study involved 158 people: 46 patients of the endogenous mental disorders department (mean age - 20,8±5,7, male -16%), 112 – control group (male – 23%, mean age 19,8±3,7). The groups did not differ statistically by socio-demographic indicators. Legitimized Aggression Questionnaire based on PLAQ (Hogben), BPAQ-24, SCL-90-R, PVQ-RR were used. Subgroups were compared using analysis of variance and correlation analysis in SPSS.

Comparison of groups showed the following significant differences: in the clinical group below 1) on the parameter legitimization of aggression according to scales «policy» (clinical group 31,395 11,322 healthy group 36,250 13,625, p=0,04), «personal experience» (25,535 11,933; 29,714 11,200; p=0,04), «education» (12,907±5,268; 15,571±6,976; p=0,02); 2) on the parameters сommitment to values «Tradition» (8,652±2,718; 7,170±2,355 p=0,00), «Power Resources» (6,935±2,489; 5,500±2,230; p=0,00) «Conservaton» (22,261±5,725; 19,884±4,234; p=0,00), «Self-Enhancement» (11,891±3,701; 10,188±3,880; 0,01). In the clinical group, clinical symptoms (SCL-90-R) are higher on all scales except SOM. Correlations were identified between the integrated measure of legitimized aggression and the level of psychopathological symptoms HOS, PAR, PSY. The remaining results are presented in table 1.Table 1.

Correlations of the integral indicator of legitimized aggression with the indicators of aggression BPAQ-24 and values (PVQ-RR)

The correlation between the value of «Self-transcendence» and the level of legitimized aggression common to both groups can illustrate the widespread justification of aggressiveness by high ideals. Differences in values associated with the social legitimization of aggression in clinical and healthy groups can be explained by the importance of maintaining stability for people with mental disorders.

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Chlorpromazine is a first-generation antipsychotic first-generation antipsychotic of the phenothiazines is widely used in psychiatry. Several side side effects have been reported due to its anti-dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties.

We report a clinical case of ocular toxicity in a patient on chlorpromazine and discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Mr. C.A., aged 36, treated for 19 years for resistant schizophrenia, complains of bilateral visual blur associated with a bilateral decrease in visual acuity which has been evolving for a year. He has been on clozapine 800 mg/d for 6 years and L-thyroxine 125mg/d since then. He was also put on chlopromazine 300 mg/d for 10 years, a treatment which was stopped 2 years ago. Ophthalmological examination showed corrected visual acuity: 8/10 in the right eye and 7/10 in the left, as well as slate-blue pigmentation of the conjunctiva, sparse whitish endothelial corneal deposits and yellowish star-shaped deposits on the anterior surface of the anterior crystalloid. Fundus examination was normal. Chlorpromazine was considered to be a drug of abuse, given its potential ocular toxicity, the association of conjunctival pigmentation, white endothelial deposits and star-shaped crystallites, and the exclusion of other possible causes, particularly iatrogenic ones such as prolonged use of corticoids, fluoroquinolones and amiodarone.

This case highlights the potential ocular toxicity of chlorpromazine. Prolonged use is associated with pigmentary changes in sun-exposed areas. The photo-toxic action of light on high quantities of phenothiazines provokes an inflammatory reaction followed by increased melanin production. This melanin-chlorpromazine bond causes slate-blue discoloration of the conjunctiva and sclera, corneal pigment deposits (white, yellow, brown or black), stellate and polar cataracts. Other effects, such as accommodation disorders and dry eyes, are linked to the anticholinergic effect.

Prolonged use of phenothiazines (over 20 months), especially at high doses (>800 mg/d), requires regular ophthalmological monitoring, even in the absence of symptoms, due to the risk of pigmentary deposits. If visual acuity is unaffected, treatment can be continued, as reduction or discontinuation does not cause lesions to disappear.

This case highlights the need for regular ophthalmological monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine, due to the risk of pigmentary deposits in the cornea and lens, even in the absence of symptoms.

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The overlap of epilepsy and psychiatric pathology presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly in patients with structural brain lesions. Epilepsy increases the risk of psychosis, classically defined as ictal, peri-ictal, or interictal. In frontotemporal disease, psychopathology may also arise from network dysfunction, encephalopathy, or neurodegeneration. Distinguishing among these processes is essential for management and prognosis.

To illustrate the complexity of psychosis and cognitive dysfunction in structurally mediated epilepsy and emphasize the value of an integrative, multidisciplinary approach.

A single case was examined through longitudinal neuropsychiatric assessment, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), and neuropsychological testing, with coordinated psychiatric–neurological management.

A 56-year-old female underwent right frontotemporal meningioma resection (2019) and subsequently developed focal epilepsy controlled with levetiracetam. With no prior psychiatric history, she presented in 2021 with acute psychosis amid psychosocial stressors, requiring psychiatric admission and achieving remission under antidepressant and low-dose antipsychotic therapy. In 2025, she re-presented after a near-lethal suicide attempt, with persecutory delusions, disorganization, irritability, insomnia, episodic incontinence, fluctuating attention, and partial amnesia. Levetiracetam was tapered and replaced with eslicarbazepine. EEG demonstrated diffuse slowing without epileptiform discharges. MRI showed stable postoperative changes without recurrence or new lesions. CSF, including autoimmune and viral panels, was negative. Neuropsychological testing revealed mild impairment, with deficits in executive function and verbal memory, consistent with frontotemporal dysfunction. The fluctuating course suggested interictal psychosis complicated by behavioral encephalopathy or evolving neurodegenerative change.

This case highlights the diagnostic ambiguity at the neuropsychiatric interface in structural epilepsy, where psychosis, cognitive decline, and neurological signs coexist. Absence of epileptiform discharges does not exclude seizure-related psychopathology, given the limited sensitivity of routine EEG for mesial temporal or deep cortical foci. Structural frontotemporal lesions may predispose to both epileptiform activity and psychiatric dysregulation via network disruption. Management requires moving beyond rigid psychiatric–neurological distinctions toward integrated multidisciplinary frameworks. Longitudinal surveillance, advanced electrophysiological monitoring, and individualized treatment are essential for accurate diagnosis and prevention of recurrence.

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High fuinctioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in women frequently goes unrecognized, with many receiving diagnosis after years of social camouflaging and misattributed symptoms. Midlife introduces new challenges that can unmask long compensated autistic traits. This review aims to explore whether midlife and aging act as critical periods that unmask high functioning ASD in women. We hypothesize that hormonal shifts, compounded by life stressors, exacerbate underlying autistic traits that lead to new clinical presentations.

This review aims to explore whether midlife and aging act as critical periods that unmask high functioning ASD in women. We hypothesize that hormonal shifts, compounded by life stressors, exacerbate underlying autiostic traits that lead to new clinical presentations.

A narrative literature review by searching MEDLINE (vía PubMed), EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library for articles published from 2010 to 2025. We used controlled vocabulary and key words including MeSH terms (“Autistic Disorder”, “Asperger Syndrome”, “Women”, “Menopause”, “Aging”) and EMtree terms (“autistic sprectrum disorder”, “female”, “midlife crisis!, “camouflaging behaviour”. We combined these terms with Boolean operators AND and OR. We prioritsed studies published in English or Spanish, involving adult women with high functionin ASD and addressing diagnostic features, psychosocial outmcomes, or health impacts during midlife.

Findings indicate that many autistic women enter midlife with profound fatigue from years of masking, high susceptibility to anxiety and depression. Menopausal changes and shrinking social networks further exacerbate isolation. While diagnosis at this stage often provides explanatory value and guides supportive interventions, it also raises questions about the thesholds for labeling lifelong neurodevelopmental patterns in the absence of functioning impairment.

• - Bargiela S et al.The expriences of late- diagnosed women with autism spectrum conditions: An investigation of the female autism phenotype. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016; 46 (19): 3281-94

• - Lai MC et al. Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scne for future research. J Am Acad Child Adolec Psychiatry. 2015; 54(1(: 11-24

• - Hull L, et al. Autism spectrum disorder ad social camouflaging. Austism. 2017; 21(&): 702-717.

• - Moseley RL, et al. Brain and hormonal changes in autistic women. J Neurodev Disord. 2021; 13(1):9.

Recognizing ASD in women during midlife requires a refined, gender-sensitive approach. The decision to pursue or communicate a formal diagnosis should weight the potential for empowerment and targeted psychoeducation against the risks of unnecessary medicalization. Future research should refine diagnostic criteria and develop specific supports that acknowledge the unique trajectories of autistic women across the lifespan.

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Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that is hardly understood and difficult to diagnose leading to a delay in the diagnosis and thus the treatment. It can be challenging to identify, especially with patients that suffer from other medical or neurological co-morbidities and therefore 59% of those patients are underdiagnosed. Its incidence among acute psychiatric illnesses varies between 6% to 38% with a prevalence of 10% to 15% among acute psychiatric inpatients.

• - Study the clinical manifestations of catatonia in Oman.

• - Study the types of treatment of catatonia in Oman.

• - Investigate the patients’ response to each kind of treatment.

A retrospective observational study that was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Oman; Al Masarah Hospital and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. Inclusion criteria had all inpatients above 18 years old who were diagnosed with catatonia according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual V during the period of 2018 to 2022. Patients younger than 18 years old and patients who left against medical advice were excluded from this study. Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale was also used to asses the presence and severity of the catatonia.

Our study included 49 inpatients with a mean age of 28.1 years (range:18-57) with females (n=27) than males (n=22). According to BRCRS, mutism (73.5%), withdrawal (69.4%), posturing/catalepsy (67.3%), negativism (67.3%) and excitement (49.0%) were the most common catatonic symptoms observed. The most commonly recorded diagnosis was catatonia associated with schizophrenia (36.7%) followed by catatonia associated with major depressive disorder (22.4%). The severity score had a mean of 12.3 (median=11, mode=11) with a mean of 4.8 in screening score (median=5, mode=5). The mean duration of illness was 23 days (range:2-250) with an average of 29 days (range 1-135) of admission. Majority of the patients (79.6%) were given benzodiazepines as first line treatment and two thirds (67.3%) reported with an overall improvement. ECT sessions were also done on 6 patients with an overall improvement (83.3%).

Our findings were aligned with those found in the literature. The most common diagnosis was catatonia due to schizophrenia followed by catatonia due to major depressive disorder with more males affected than females. Mutism, withdrawal, posturing and catalepsy were of the most common signs and symptoms seen in these catatonic inpatients. Treatment using benzodiazepines relieved two thirds of the patients. Moreover, ECT sessions has proven its efficacy in the improvement of the catatonic patients’ condition. Our findings provide further evidence to support previous literature regarding catatonia in terms of disease presentation, treatment modalities and patient response.

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Tourette’s syndrome (TS), a chronic, usually disabling neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, patients are frequently misdiagnosed, or diagnosed lately. Patients are also present with additional psychological disorders like anxiety, depression, and ADHD. There is a large gap in research about Tourette’s syndrome (TS) in the Middle East as we noticed from our daily medical conversations in the medical field and social media, that most of the students and General Physicians have less information about what Tourette’s syndrome is and how to diagnose it.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general practitioners’ (GPs’) and medical students’ (Jordan’s) knowledge and understanding of TS.

From December 2024 to May 2025, 387 participants—283 medical students and 104 general practitioners—from six public Universities and healthcare facilities in Jordan participated in a cross-sectional study. Knowledge in the areas of symptoms, causation, diagnosis, treatment, and misconceptions was evaluated using a validated 36-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used to examine the data using the (SPSS v26),.

Social media was the main source of knowledge for 53% of participants, and the majority (82.9%) had heard of TS. The greatest percentage of people knew about symptoms (73.9%), yet misconceptions about “mortality” (3.1%) remained. Every participant received a score of less than 50%, which is considered “poor knowledge.” The mean knowledge scores of females were higher than those of males (15.95 vs. 13.11, p = 0.018). Knowledge and GPA did not correlate (p = 0.414). Academic year and knowledge had a positive correlation (r = 0.357, p < 0.001). While gender and GPA were not significant predictors of awareness, academic year (OR 24.6–60.8, p < 0.01) and university affiliation were, according to logistic regression.

The current study’s findings reveals that there is a significant lack of awareness and knowledge among both medical students in all public universities and generalphysicians in Jordan. Curricular reforms and training initiatives are needed.

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This study discusses the major uses of AI in our lives and the aspects which can develop using AI, as these high technology tools have advantages and disadvantages that are also discussed in this study. Major questions using a survey questionnaire were answered by our randomly chosen sample in Jordan, which are 103, and then categorising them according to the age and gender. According to the results AI tools in arabic are not that much available and that is the obstacle that people have.

The Questions of the Study:

• - Are there any differences in the age and gender in using AI tools ?

• - What are the languages preferred using AI ?

• - What are the reasons of using AI ?

• - What are the obstacles of using AI in arabic ?

The study was done using a survey questionnare, the sample is 103 people, chosen randomly from Jordan, categorised according to the age and gender and after obtaining the informed consent required. ANOVA was used.

1. 1- Level of using AI among the participants was Moderate with a mean of 0.48.

2. 2- No statically significant differences in using AI due to age and gender (F= 0.384 and 0.288, Sig.>0.05).

3. 3- The language is preferred in using AI is both Arabic and English with a percentage of 44.7%. followed by using it in English 25.2%. After it came using it Arabic with a percentage of 22.3%. Finally, other languages came with a percentage of 7.8%.

4. 4- The most reason of using AI is normal life with a percentage of 41.7%. followed by using it for Work 30.1%. After it came using it for Games and fun with a percentage of 16.5%. Finally, not applicable has a percentage of 11.7%

5. 5- The most obstacles of using AI in Arabic language was “ Not that much available in Arabic” with a percentage of 28.2%. followed by “Unnecessary” and “Difficult to use” with 25.2%. After it came “Expensive to get” with a percentage of 15.5%. Finally, Weak internet connection came with a percentage of 5.8%.

AI is starting to be neceessary to use in our lives that’s why more training programs for people must be done, in order to use these tools safely around the world. Cybersecurity programs should also be included in training programs, to prevent any invasion of any person’s privacy. Arabic AI tools should contain a wider structured branched algorithms, datasets, more applications and programs to be easier to get and to use.

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Body image is a fundamental aspect of identity and psychological well-being, shaped by social interactions, personal experiences, and environmental pressures. In today’s media-saturated world, unattainable sociocultural standards often, fuel body dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction is a well-established risk factor for developing many mental health problems, a growing concern in global public health. Medical students face unique academic and professional stressors that may put them at a higher risk for these issues.

This study aims to explore the perceived body image among medical students in Tunisia.

We carried out a cross-sectional study from 2024 to 2025 at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse. We gathered data from a self-administered, anonymous online questionnaire, which was shared on official academic Facebook groups for each student year level. Body image concern was the primary outcome, measured with the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). This standardized scale yields a score from 16 to 96, where higher scores indicate greater body image dissatisfaction.

A total of 243 students responded to the questionnaire. The majority of participants were female (69.5%). Among participants 62.96% lived away from their families, while 86.8% reported having a medium socio-economic status.

A marked concern about body image was observed in 12.8% of students and a moderate concern among 13.2% and a mil concern among 16.5% of students. Among students with moderate or marked Body shape concern (G1) 66.7% were female compared to 70.6 among the group with no or mild body shape concern (G2) with no significant difference (p=0.564). Among the first group 15.9% had a high socioeconomic level compared to 10.6% among the second group (p=0.263). Chronic Illness were reported by 17.5% of student with moderate or marked Body shape concern and 9.4% among students with no or mild body shape concern (p=0.086). No significant association between weight excess and body image concern among our population. However 84.1% of participant with moderate or marked Body shape concern had possible eating disorders compared to 41.1% among the second group with a significant association (p<0.010).

Our findings indicate a significant prevalence of body image concern among medical students, affecting over 40% of the surveyed population. While gender, socioeconomic status, and chronic illness did not show a statistically significant association, the strong link between body image concern and a higher risk of eating disorders is a critical finding. These results highlight the need for mental health awareness campaigns and specific interventions tailored to address body image and eating disorder risks within student population.

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Psychosocial factors influence women’s fear and attitudes toward mammography. Understanding these factors is crucial for increasing participation in early detection and reducing breast cancer mortality. The research focuses on psychological mechanisms, such as fear of a cancer diagnosis, perceived personal risk, and self-efficacy, as well as social influences like support networks and cultural beliefs. Practical barriers, including pain during the procedure and limited access to screening facilities, are also examined.

This study investigates the psychosocial factors influencing women’s fear and attitudes toward mammography, aiming to understand why many women hesitate or avoid preventive screening.

Data were collected from 274 women using three questionnaires: a socio-demographic survey; the Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS, 1984/1999), assessing perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, health motivation, and cues to action regarding mammography; and the Mammography Questionnaire (MGQ), evaluating user satisfaction with the screening process.

The sample consisted mainly of married, middle-aged women (35–54 years) with relatively high education, many employed in the public sector, living in urban areas, and generally positive about health and psychological well-being. Overall, 73.7% reported few or no difficulties in accessing screening. Women demonstrated high awareness of early detection, strong motivation to protect their health, and confidence in mammography’s effectiveness. Notably, older women exhibited pronounced fear of the procedure. Physician recommendation emerged as the most influential factor prompting women to undergo mammography.

Women are highly aware of the importance of early breast cancer detection and motivated to participate in preventive screening. Addressing fear, particularly among older women, and leveraging healthcare professionals’ guidance are critical for improving participation rates and early diagnosis

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Targeted therapy significantly improves survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, its neuropsychiatric side effects remain poorly understood. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation; therefore, its inhibition through targeted therapy, including EGFR blockade, is a matter of interest for studying patients with mCRC.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anti-EGFR-targeted therapy, compared with anti-VEGF-targeted therapy, on cognitive performance in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer.

Eighty patients with mCRC were enrolled. The main group (n = 55) received FOLFOX6 combined with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or panitumumab), which inhibits the MAPK cascade. The control group (n = 25) received FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, which does not affect the MAPK cascade. Cognitive status was assessed at baseline and after 3–4 months using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).

At baseline, cognitive scores were comparable between groups. After 3–4 months, the anti-EGFR targeted group showed a marked decline in ACE-R total scores from 94[90; 95] to 86[85; 90] (p = 0.001), whereas the control group remained stable (94[91; 97] to 94[90; 96]; p> 0.05). Memory scores declined in the anti-EGFR group from 22[22; 24] to 19[19; 20] (p= 0.001), while the control group showed only a mild reduction (23[21; 26] to 22[21; 25]; p= 0.034). Attention/orientation also decreased in the anti-EGFR group (18[16; 18] to 17[15; 18]; p= 0.024), but remained unchanged in controls (18[18; 18] throughout). Other ACE-R domains and FAB subscores demonstrated no significant changes.

Anti-EGFR-targeted therapy, which involves inhibiting the MAPK cascade, is found to be associated with selective cognitive impairment, predominantly affecting memory and attention. Regular cognitive monitoring may support timely psychiatric referral, optimize management strategies, and ultimately improve patients’ quality of life.

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Psychiatric history may influence tolerance of medical procedures such as mammography.

To evaluate differences in mammography experience, specifically pain intensity and satisfaction with results communication, between women with and without a psychiatric history.

We conducted an online survey of the general female population in Tunisia via a sponsored Facebook campaign (December 2023–February 2024). Psychiatric history was defined as prior psychiatric consultation. Pain (1–10) and satisfaction with results communication were assessed.

A total of 278 women participated. Participants had a mean age of 46 years (SD 8.9, range 20–84). Most were married (84.9%), university educated (78.4%), and of middle socio-economic status (66.5%). A total of 22.7% reported having consulted a psychiatrist at least once, most frequently for depression, anxiety, or stress-related problems. 4.3% were under current psychotropic medication. The mean pain score during mammography was 5/10 (SD 2.8), with 34% reporting severe pain (≥7/10). Women with psychiatric history reported higher pain (6.3 vs 4.8, p = 0.02) and were less likely to be satisfied with communication (48% vs 71%, p = 0.02). Regression confirmed psychiatric history as an independent predictor of higher pain (β = +1.1, p = 0.03).

Among Tunisian women, a history of psychiatric disorders was associated with a less favorable mammography experience, with higher pain perception and lower satisfaction with results communication. Incorporating mental health support into screening programs may improve comfort and adherence.

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Delays in communicating mammography results may generate anxiety. Psychosocial characteristics may influence how these delays are experienced.

To investigate associations between socio-demographics, personality traits, and perceived delay in receiving mammography results.

We conducted an online survey of the general female population in Tunisia via a sponsored Facebook campaign (December 2023–February 2024). Participants provided the dates of their mammogram and results notification, and the delay in days was subsequently computed. Associations between delay, educational level, socio-economic status, and personality traits (using the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44)), were examined using regression analyses.

A total of 278 women participated. The mean age was 46 years (SD 8.9). Most were married (84.9%) and university educated (78.4%), with two-thirds reporting middle socio-economic status (66.5%). Regarding communication, the median delay was 0 days, with 56% receiving results the same day, 84% within one week, and only 5% after more than one month. The mean delay was 4.8 days (SD 12.3). Lower education was associated with longer perceived delays (β = +2.4 days, p = 0.04). Higher Neuroticism also predicted longer delays (β = +1.8 days, p = 0.03).

In Tunisian women, educational level and neuroticism significantly influenced perceived waiting times. Implementing rapid communication strategies and targeted reassurance may improve the screening experience in vulnerable subgroups.

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The quality of mammography results communication is critical for patient-centered care. Family support may influence satisfaction with this process.

To explore whether family support predicts satisfaction with the communication of mammography results.

We conducted an online survey of the general female population in Tunisia via a sponsored Facebook campaign (December 2023–February 2024). Participants rated family support (satisfactory vs unsatisfactory) and satisfaction with results communication. Logistic regression was applied.

A total of 278 women participated. The mean age was 46 years (SD 8.9, range 20–84). Most respondents were married (84.9%) and university educated (78.4%). Regarding socio-economic status, 66.5% reported middle income. Concerning communication, the majority received their mammography results face-to-face with a physician (81.3%), while smaller proportions were informed by non-physician healthcare staff (6.3%), by phone/email from a physician (3.0%) or by mail without interaction (0.4%). Other respondents didn’t specify the method. Satisfaction with communication was reported by 74% of women with satisfactory family support, compared to 42% with unsatisfactory support.

Women with satisfactory family support were significantly more likely to report satisfaction with results communication (74% vs 42%, χ² = 6.8, p = 0.009). Family support independently predicted satisfaction (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.25–3.86, p = 0.01).

Among Tunisian women, family support is a strong determinant of satisfaction with results communication. Involving relatives in the process could enhance patient experience.

None Declared

Mammography is a key tool for early breast cancer detection. While personality traits are known to affect health behaviors, their influence on women’s motivations for undergoing screening remains unclear.

To examine associations between personality traits and motivations for mammography.

We conducted an online survey of the general female population in Tunisia via a sponsored Facebook campaign (December 2023–February 2024). Personality was assessed using the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44). Motivations were classified as preventive (routine screening) or non-preventive (fear, symptoms, family history).

A total of 278 women participated in the study, with a mean age of 46 years (SD 8.9, range 20–84). Most were married (84.9%), university educated (78.4%), and of middle socio-economic status (66.5%). Regarding the reasons for undergoing mammography, 62% did so for preventive purposes, whereas 38% cited anxiety or symptomatic concerns Preventively motivated women showed higher Conscientiousness scores (mean 3.9 vs 3.4, p = 0.04), while non-preventive women scored higher in Neuroticism (3.7 vs 3.1, p = 0.03). Logistic regression confirmed Conscientiousness as an independent predictor of preventive motivation (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.05–1.78, p = 0.02).

In Tunisian women, conscientiousness supports preventive motivations, while Neuroticism drives anxiety-based motivations. Tailoring communication to personality traits may enhance participation in screening.

None Declared

Mammography is a key breast cancer screening tool. Pain during the procedure is frequent and may reduce adherence. Psychological stress could increase pain perception

To assess the relationship between perceived stress and pain during mammography.

We conducted an online survey targeting the general female population in Tunisia via a sponsored Facebook campaign (December 2023–February 2024). They completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and rated pain (1–10) during their most recent mammogram. Correlation and regression analyses were performed.

A total of 278 women participated. The mean age of participants was 46 years (SD 8.9, range 20–84). The mean pain score was 5/10 (SD 2.8), with 34% of women reported severe pain (≥7/10). Higher PSS-10 scores correlated with greater pain (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). In regression, stress remained independently associated with pain (β = 0.28, p = 0.03), after adjustment for socio-demographic factors.

Perceived stress independently predicts higher pain during mammography. Integrating stress-management interventions into breast cancer screening programs may improve procedural tolerance and adherence.

None Declared

Dissociative disorder is an uncommon, though not unheard-of, condition that presents with the loss or disturbance of normal motor, sensory, or cognitive functions. Patients may experience symptoms of derealization or depersonalization, which are characterized by feelings of detachment from oneself or reality, along with distorted perception. While it is often a diagnosis of exclusion, it can have neurological or physical causes.

This case report describes a 42-year-old male with a grade 2 astrocytoma who presented with headaches and episodes resembling absence seizures.

Previous workup included the surgical resection of a left temporal lesion, histologically defined as MGMT promoter non-methylated and IDH-mutated astrocytoma. The patient subsequently underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with disease stability since November 2022. He discontinued antiepileptic medication in 2023 due to the absence of seizures. In 2025, he began experiencing episodes of impaired awareness (i.e., “absences”) lasting up to 30 seconds, prompting referral from the oncologist to a neurologist. Neurological examination revealed no significant abnormalities, except for mild pronation of the right arm. An EEG performed in May 2025 after sleep deprivation showed slowed activity in the left temporal region, corresponding to the postoperative area, but no epileptiform discharges.

Since the EEG and the neurological examination did not reveal pathological findings, the neurologist referred the patient to a psychiatrist. At that time, the patient was taking lacosamide 50 mg twice daily but reported no reduction in the frequency or duration of absences. He described the episodes as brief states of detachment from reality, accompanied by emotional numbness and loss of attention, occurring several times per day, without clear triggers. He also reported recurrent headaches, resistant to paracetamol. His primary physician prescribed duloxetine for headache, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. At a dose of 60 mg, the patient experienced improved focus and energy, but no change in seizure-like episodes. At his most recent follow-up, the duloxetine dosage was increased. The patient described his episodes in more detail—as brief auditory phenomena, such as hearing familiar melodies or unrecognizable tunes, without external stimuli.

Dissociative disorder remains a diagnosis of exclusion. In this case, however, the patient’s history of left temporal astrocytoma could also explain the symptoms. A repeat EEG may help clarify whether these episodes represent temporal lobe seizures rather than dissociative (non-epileptic) episodes. Continuous clinical follow-up and multimodal assessment are warranted to distinguish between neurological and psychogenic causes, especially since IDH mutation has emerged as an independent risk factor for the development of seizures in glioma patients.

None Declared