Türkiye has the sixth largest area of grape production in the world. The country produces more than 3.4 × 109 kg of grapes on 377,843 hectares, but weeds are a major limitation to achieving greater yield and better quality grapes. To better understand the composition and distribution of the weed seedbank in the soil profile, weed flora and soil seedbank dynamics were assessed across 25 vineyards in Elazığ Province. Soil samples were collected from each vineyard in 2023 at two soil depths (0 to 7.5 cm and 7.5 to 15 cm). Field surveys were carried out in spring and summer 2024 to determine the density and frequency of weed species. A total of 53 weed species from 22 families were recorded in the seedbanks of all 25 vineyards combined. Annual species comprised 75.5% of the total. In field surveys, 85 weed species were identified in spring, and 34 were identified in summer 2024. Species in the Poaceae and Asteraceae families were most abundant. In our vineyard systems, effective long-term weed management should combine appropriate tillage techniques and targeted weed control measures to prevent seedbank replenishment and minimize weed infestations.