1 Introduction
In this note, we present a further step in our investigation of induced representations of the form
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, where
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle $
stands for the Zelevinsky segment representation of the general linear group attached to the segment
$[\nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ]$
, and
$\sigma $
denotes a discrete series of either symplectic or special odd orthogonal group over a non-Archimedean field of characteristic zero. A key step in the determination of the composition factors of
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, obtained for half-integral a in [Reference Matić11], is to understand the irreducible tempered subquotients. This task appears to be more complicated in the integral case than in the half-integral one, and we show how this difficulty can be overcome under the assumption that
$\sigma $
is strongly positive. This enables us to complete an explicit description of the composition factors of
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, for a strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma $
. Note that the strongly positive discrete series serves as a cornerstone in discrete series classification [Reference Kim and Matić7, Reference Mœglin13, Reference Mœglin and Tadić15], while the Zelevinsky segment representation plays an important role in the classification of unitary representations [Reference Tadić17].
Reducibility criterion, provided in [Reference Matić10], reduces the determination of the composition factors for
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
to the case
$2a \in \mathbb {Z}$
and self-contragredient
$\rho $
. The case of half-integral a is a particular instance of the results of [Reference Matić11], while the case
$a> 0$
follows from [Reference Bošnjak2]. This reduces our determination to case
$a \in \mathbb {Z}$
,
$a < 0$
,
$a+b \geq 0$
, and
$\rho \cong \widetilde {\rho }$
.
We use several advantages of the strongly positive case. First is the knowledge of the Jacquet modules and embeddings of such representations [Reference Matić9, Reference Matić and Tadić12], which enables one to use the structural formula and reduce to the cuspidal case, in certain situations. Second one is a complete description of the composition factors for the generalized principal series in the strongly positive case [Reference Muić16], enabling one to obtain useful embeddings of potential subquotients.
In Section 2, we introduce the notations and summarize the required preliminaries. In Section 3, we provide a complete description of the composition factors for the induced representation of the studied type.
2 Preliminaries
Let F stand for a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic zero. By
$J_{n} = (\delta _{i, n+1-j})_{1 \leq i,j \leq n}$
, we denote the
$n \times n$
matrix, where
$\delta _{i, n+1-j}$
stands for the Kronecker symbol. For a square matrix g, we denote by
$g^{t}$
its transposed matrix, and by
$g^{\tau }$
its transposed matrix with respect to the second diagonal. In what follows, we fix one of the series of classical groups
or
and denote by
$G_{n}$
the rank n group belonging to the series which we fixed.
The set of standard parabolic subgroups will be fixed in a usual way, that is, we fix a minimal F-parabolic subgroup in
$G_{n}$
consisting of upper triangular matrices in the usual matrix realization. Then, the Levi factors of standard parabolic subgroups have the form
$M \cong GL(m_{1}, F) \times \cdots \times GL(m_{k}, F) \times G_{m'}$
, where
$GL(m, F)$
stands for the general linear group of rank m over F. If
$\delta _{i}$
is a representation of
$GL(m_{i}, F)$
and
$\tau $
is a representation of
$G_{m'}$
, the normalized parabolically induced representation Ind
$_{M}^{G_{n}}(\delta _{1} \otimes \cdots \otimes \delta _{k} \otimes \tau )$
will be denoted by
$\delta _{1} \times \cdots \times \delta _{k} \rtimes \tau $
. We use a similar notation to denote a parabolically induced representation of
$GL(m, F)$
.
By
$\mathop {\text {Irr}}(G_{n})$
, we denote the set of all irreducible admissible representations of
$G_{n}$
. Let
$R(G_{n})$
denote the Grothendieck group of admissible representations of finite length of
$G_{n}$
and define
$R(G) = \oplus _{n \geq 0} R(G_{n})$
. In a similar way, we define
$\mathop {\text {Irr}}(GL(n, F))$
,
$R(GL(n, F))$
, and
$R(GL) = \oplus _{n \geq 0} R(GL(n, F))$
.
For
$\sigma \in \mathop {\text {Irr}}(G_{n})$
and
$0 \leq k \leq n$
, we denote by
$r_{(k)}(\sigma )$
the normalized Jacquet module of
$\sigma $
with respect to the parabolic subgroup
$P_{(k)}$
having the Levi subgroup equal to
$GL(k, F) \times G_{n-k}$
. We identify
$r_{(k)}(\sigma )$
with its semisimplification in
$R(GL(k,F)) \otimes R(G_{n-k})$
and consider
Let
$\nu $
stand for a composition of the determinant mapping with the normalized absolute value on F. Let
$\rho \in R(GL)$
denote an irreducible supercuspidal representation. By a segment, we mean a set of the form
$[\rho , \nu ^{k} \rho ] := \{ \rho , \nu \rho , \ldots , \nu ^{k} \rho \}$
, where k is a nonnegative integer. The induced representation
$\nu ^{k} \rho \times \nu ^{k-1} \rho \times \cdots \times \rho $
has a unique irreducible subrepresentation, denoted by
$\delta ([\rho , \nu ^{k} \rho ])$
, which is essentially square-integrable. By [Reference Zelevinsky20], every irreducible essentially square-integrable representation in
$R(GL)$
can be obtained in this way.
The induced representation
$\rho \times \nu \rho \times \cdots \times \nu ^k \rho $
has a unique irreducible subrepresentation, which is denoted by
$\langle [\rho , \nu ^{k} \rho ] \rangle $
, and called the Zelevinsky segment representation attached to segment
$[\rho , \nu ^{k} \rho ]$
.
Let us recall the structural formulas, obtained in [Reference Hanzer and Muić5, Theorem 1.4] and in [Reference Tadić18, Theorems 5.4 and 6.5].
Theorem 2.1 Let
$\rho \in R(GL)$
denote an irreducible cuspidal representation and
$k, l \in \mathbb {R}$
such that
$k+l$
is a nonnegative integer. Let
$\sigma \in R(G)$
denote an irreducible admissible representation of finite length. Write
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma ) = \sum _{\pi , \sigma '} \pi \otimes \sigma '$
. Then, we have
We omit
$\langle [\nu ^{x} \rho , \nu ^{y} \rho ] \rangle $
and
$\delta ([\nu ^{x} \rho , \nu ^{y} \rho ])$
if
$x> y$
.
Let
$\delta \in \mathrm{Irr}(R(GL))$
denote an irreducible essentially square-integrable representation. Then, there is a unique
$e(\delta ) \in \mathbb {R}$
such that
$\nu ^{-e(\delta )} \delta $
is unitarizable [Reference Zelevinsky20]. We use the subrepresentation version of the Langlands classification for classical groups and realize a non-tempered irreducible representation
$\pi $
of
$G_{n}$
as the unique irreducible (Langlands) subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\delta _{1} \times \delta _{2} \times \cdots \times \delta _{k} \rtimes \tau $
, where
$\tau $
is an irreducible tempered representation of some
$G_{t}$
, and
$\delta _1, \delta _2, \ldots , \delta _k \in R(GL)$
are irreducible essentially square-integrable representations such that
$e(\delta _1) \leq e(\delta _2) \leq \cdots \leq e(\delta _k) < 0$
. We write
$\pi = L(\delta _{1}, \delta _{2}, \ldots , \delta _{k}; \tau )$
.
According to the Mœglin–Tadić classification of discrete series [Reference Mœglin13, Reference Mœglin and Tadić15] (which is now known to hold unconditionally, due to [Reference Arthur1], [Reference Gan and Lomelí3, Theorem 7.8], and [Reference Mœglin14, Théorème 3.1.1]), a discrete series
$\sigma \in G_n$
corresponds to an admissible triple consisting of the Jordan block, the partial cuspidal support, and the
$\epsilon $
-function. For more details on these invariants, we refer the reader to [Reference Mœglin and Tadić15], or to [Reference Kim and Matić7], where a slightly different approach has been used. For a discrete series
$\sigma $
, we denote the corresponding admissible triple by
$(\mathop {\text {Jord}}(\sigma ), \sigma _{c}, \epsilon _{\sigma })$
. For an irreducible self-contragredient cuspidal representation
$\rho _1$
of
$GL(n_1, F)$
, let
$\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho _1}(\sigma ) = \{ x : (x, \rho _1) \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}(\sigma ) \}$
. If
$\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho _1}(\sigma ) \neq \emptyset $
and
$x \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho _1}(\sigma )$
, denote
$x\_ = \max \{ y \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho _1}(\sigma ): y < x \}$
, if it exists.
Discrete series
$\sigma \in R(G)$
is called strongly positive if for every embedding
where
$\rho _{i} \in R$
,
$i = 1, 2, \ldots , k$
, are irreducible cuspidal unitary representations, we have
$s_{i}> 0$
for
$i = 1, 2, \ldots , k$
.
Strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma $
corresponds to an alternated triple, that is, we have
$\epsilon _{\sigma }((x\_, \rho _1), (x, \rho _1)) = -1$
, for every
$(x, \rho _1) \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}(\sigma )$
such that
$x\_$
is defined. We also provide an inductive description of strongly positive discrete series, which follows from [Reference Matić8, Theorem 1.2].
Proposition 2.2 Suppose that
$\sigma $
is a strongly positive discrete series and let
$\rho $
denote an irreducible cuspidal unitary representation such that some twist of
$\rho $
appears in the cuspidal support of
$\sigma $
. Then, there exist unique
$c, d \in \mathbb {R}$
such that
$c> 0$
,
$d - c \in \mathbb {Z}_{\geq 0}$
, and the unique strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma _1$
without
$\nu ^{c} \rho $
in the cuspidal support, with the property that
$\sigma $
is the unique irreducible subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\nu ^{c} \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
. Furthermore, there is a unique nonnegative integer l such that
$c + l = \alpha $
, for
$\alpha> 0$
such that
$\nu ^{\alpha } \rho \rtimes \sigma _{c}$
reduces. If
$l = 0$
, there are no twists of
$\rho $
appearing in the cuspidal support of
$\sigma _1$
, and if
$l> 0$
, there exist unique
$d'> d$
and a unique strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma _2$
, which contains neither
$\nu ^{c} \rho $
nor
$\nu ^{c+1} \rho $
in its cuspidal support, such that
$\sigma _1$
is a unique irreducible subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\nu ^{c+1} \rho , \nu ^{d'} \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _2$
.
Throughout the rest of the article, we fix a strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma $
and an irreducible supercuspidal self-contragredient representation
$\rho $
. Let
$\alpha \geq 0$
be such that
$\nu ^\alpha \rho \rtimes \sigma _c$
reduces. We assume that
$\alpha $
is an integer and fix integers a and b such that
$a \leq 0$
and
$a + b \geq 0$
(note that, in
$R(G)$
, we have
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma = \langle [ \nu ^{-b} \rho , \nu ^{-a} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
).
3 Composition factors
In this section, we describe the composition factors of
$\langle [\nu ^a \rho , \nu ^b \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, after a certain amount of the preparation work.
Lemma 3.1 If
$a \leq -1$
, then the induced representation
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
does not contain an irreducible tempered subquotient.
Proof Suppose, on the contrary, that there is an irreducible tempered subquotient
$\tau $
of
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. Inspecting its cuspidal support, we deduce that
$\tau $
is not strongly positive, and it is easy to see that
$\tau $
can be written as a subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^{x} \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \rtimes \tau '$
, where
$x \leq 0, y \geq 0$
,
$x+y \geq 0$
, and
$\tau '$
is irreducible tempered. Using the Frobenius reciprocity, we obtain
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma ) \geq \delta ([\nu ^{x} \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \otimes \tau '$
, and Theorem 2.1 implies that there are
$0 \leq j \leq i \leq b-a+1$
and an irreducible constituent
$\pi \otimes \sigma '$
of
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma )$
such that
Using the same reasoning as in the proof of [Reference Matić11, Theorem 3.9], we conclude that
$\rho $
appears in the cuspidal support of
$\pi $
, which contradicts [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3] (or [Reference Matić and Tadić12, Section 7]).
The following proposition can be proved in the same way as [Reference Matić11, Proposition 4.1].
Proposition 3.2 Suppose that
$L(\delta _1, \delta _2, \ldots , \delta _k; \tau )$
is an irreducible non-tempered subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, and let
$\delta _i \cong \delta ([ \nu ^{a_i} \rho _i, \nu ^{b_i} \rho _i ])$
for
$i = 1, 2, \ldots , k$
. Then, for all
$i = 1, 2, \ldots , k$
, we have
$\rho _i \cong \rho $
and
$b_i - a_i \in \{ 0, 1 \}$
.
Proposition 3.3 Suppose that
$L(\delta _1, \delta _2, \ldots , \delta _k; \tau )$
is an irreducible non-tempered subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{a} \rho , \nu ^{b} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, and let
$\delta _i \cong \delta ([ \nu ^{a_i} \rho _i, \nu ^{b_i} \rho _i ])$
for
$i = 1, 2, \ldots , k$
. Suppose that there is a
$j \in \{ 1, 2, \ldots , k \}$
such that
$b_j - a_j = 1$
, and let
$l = a+b$
. Then, the following holds:
-
(1) $-a < b$
,
$a_l = b_l -1$
and for
$i < l$
, we have
$a_i = b_i = -b+i-1$
; -
(2) if there is a $j' \in \{ j+1, j+2, \ldots , k \}$
such that
$b_{j'} - a_{j'} = 1$
, then
$b_i - a_i = 1$
for all
$i \in \{ j+1, j+2, \ldots , j' - 1\}$
; -
(3) either $\tau \cong \sigma $
or there is an integer x,
$1 \leq x \leq -a$
, such that
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{x} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains an irreducible tempered subquotient; -
(4) if $\tau \cong \sigma $
, then
$a_k = -1$
,
$b_k = 0$
, and
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
.
Proof The proof closely follows that of [Reference Matić11, Proposition 4.2]. We restrict our attention to the main differences.
Let
$i \in \{ 1, 2, \ldots , k \}$
be such that
$b_i - a_i = 1$
. Following the same lines as in the proof of [Reference Matić11, Proposition 4.2], we deduce that there is a c such that
$1 \leq c \leq -a+1$
,
$a_i = -c$
,
$L(\delta _{i}, \ldots , \delta _k; \tau )$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{-c+1} \rho , \nu ^{c} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, and
$L(\delta _{i+1}, \ldots , \delta _k; \tau )$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{-c+2} \rho , \nu ^{c-1} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
.
If for all
$j \in \{ i+1, \ldots , k \}$
, we have
$b_j - a_j = 1$
, a repeated application of [Reference Matić10, Lemma 2.6] shows that either
$\tau \cong \sigma $
or there is a
$d \geq 1$
such that
$\tau $
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{-d+1} \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. If
$\tau \cong \sigma $
, it follows that
$a_k = -1, b_k = 0$
, and
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. If
$\tau $
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{-d+1} \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, with
$d \geq 1$
, Lemma 3.1 implies
$d = 1$
.
Suppose that there is a
$j \in \{ i+1, \ldots , k \}$
such that
$a_j = b_j$
. In a completely analogous way as in the proof of [Reference Matić11, Proposition 4.2], we deduce that
$a_t = b_t$
holds for all
$t \in \{ j, \ldots , k\}$
, and there are x and y,
$0 \leq -y < x \leq -a$
, such that
$\tau $
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \nu ^{y} \rho , \nu ^{x} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. Lemma 3.1 gives
$y = 0$
and ends the proof.
Lemma 3.4 Suppose that
$\sigma $
is a subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \rtimes \sigma '$
, where
$(c, \rho ') \neq (1, \rho )$
and
$\sigma '$
is irreducible. If
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
, then
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ')$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma '$
.
Proof By [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3] or [Reference Matić and Tadić12, Section 7], we have
$c> 0$
,
$\sigma '$
is strongly positive, and
$\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \otimes \sigma '$
is a unique irreducible constituent of
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma )$
of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \otimes \pi $
.
If
$\rho ' \cong \rho $
, then
$c \geq 2$
. This leads to
Thus,
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is a subrepresentation of
By [Reference Jantzen6, Lemma 5.5], there is an irreducible subquotient
$\pi $
of
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma '$
such that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is a subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \rtimes \pi $
. By the Frobenius reciprocity,
$\mu ^{\ast }(L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ))$
contains
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \otimes \sigma $
, and it follows that
$\mu ^{\ast }(\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \rtimes \pi )$
also contains
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \otimes \sigma $
. Now, Theorem 2.1 implies that
$\mu ^{\ast }(\pi )$
contains an irreducible constituent of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \otimes \pi '$
. Strong positivity of
$\sigma '$
implies
$\pi \cong L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ')$
, so
From
follows that
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
contains
$\delta ([\nu ^c \rho ', \nu ^d \rho ']) \otimes L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ')$
.
It is now a direct consequence of Theorem 2.1 that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ')$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma '$
.
Proposition 3.5 The induced representation
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains the irreducible representation
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
if and only if
$1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
.
Proof We use a case-by-case consideration. Let us first consider the case
$1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
and
$3 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. By [Reference Muić16, Theorem 2.1], in
$R(G)$
, we have
where
$\sigma ^{(1)}_{ds}$
and
$\sigma ^{(2)}_{ds}$
are discrete series subrepresentations of
$\delta [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
.
Since
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma )$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \otimes \pi $
, and
$\rho \rtimes \sigma $
is a length-two representation, Theorem 2.1 can be used to show that
$\mu ^{\ast }(L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ))$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \otimes \pi $
.
By [Reference Muić16, Proposition 3.1], the induced representation
$\nu \rho \rtimes \sigma $
is irreducible, so we have
By [Reference Jantzen6, Lemma 5.5], there is an irreducible subquotient
$\pi $
of
$\rho \times \nu \rho $
such that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is a subrepresentation of
$\pi \rtimes \sigma $
. Since, in
$R(GL)$
, we have
and
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is not a subrepresentation of
$\nu \rho \times \rho \rtimes \sigma $
, we get
$\pi \cong \langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle $
.
Now, we consider the case
$1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
and
$3 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. We denote by
$\sigma '$
a strongly positive discrete series such that
$\sigma $
is a subrepresentation of
$\nu \rho \rtimes \sigma '$
. It follows from [Reference Muić16, Theorem 4.1(iii)] that, in
$R(G)$
, we have
where
$\tau $
is an irreducible tempered representation, which is a subrepresentation of both
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma '$
and
$\nu \rho \times \nu \rho \times \rho \rtimes \sigma '$
. We note that
$\rho \rtimes \sigma '$
is irreducible. It can be seen using Theorem 2.1 and the description of the Jacquet modules of strongly positive discrete series ([Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3] or [Reference Matić and Tadić12, Section 7]) that
$\nu \rho \times \nu \rho \otimes \rho \rtimes \sigma '$
is a unique irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \times \nu \rho \otimes \pi $
appearing in
$\mu ^{\ast }(\delta [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
. Consequently,
$\mu ^{\ast }(L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ))$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \times \nu \rho \otimes \pi $
.
Since
$\nu \rho \rtimes \sigma $
is irreducible, we have
We denote by
$\pi $
an irreducible subquotient of
$\rho \times \nu \rho $
such that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is a subrepresentation of
$\pi \rtimes \sigma $
.
If
$\pi \cong \delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ])$
, we have
which is impossible. Thus,
$\pi \cong \langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle $
.
Let us now assume
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
and
$3 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. Then,
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma )$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \otimes \pi $
. Also, in this case,
$\delta ([ \rho , \nu \rho ] ) \rtimes \sigma $
is irreducible, so
Thus,
$\mu ^{\ast }(L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma ))$
contains an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \otimes \pi '$
, and it follows that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is not an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
.
It remains to consider the case
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
and
$3 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. Note that, in this case,
$\nu \rho $
does not appear in the cuspidal support of
$\sigma $
, and there is a positive integer d,
$d \geq 2$
, such that
$\sigma $
is a subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\nu ^{2} \rho , \nu ^d \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma '$
, for a strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma '$
.
Suppose that
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma )$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. Using a repeated application of Proposition 2.2 and Lemma 3.4, we obtain that then
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _c)$
is an irreducible subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _c$
. Thus, it is enough to prove that in this case
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _c$
does not contain
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _c)$
.
Note that
$\alpha \geq 1$
. The case
$\alpha = 1$
follows directly from [Reference Tadić19, Proposition 3.8], so we comment only case
$\alpha> 1$
.
For
$\alpha> 1$
,
$\delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _c$
is irreducible by [Reference Muić16, Theorem 4.1(i)], so we have
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _c) \cong \delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _c$
and
$\mu ^{\ast }(L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _c)) \geq \nu \rho \otimes \rho \rtimes \sigma _c$
. Since, by Theorem 2.1,
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _c)$
does not contain
$\nu \rho \otimes \rho \rtimes \sigma _c$
, we obtain that
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _c$
does not contain
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _c)$
.
Now, we complete a determination of irreducible tempered subquotients.
Theorem 3.6 Suppose that
$d \geq 1$
. The induced representation
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains an irreducible tempered subquotient if and only if
$x \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
for all
$x \in \{ 1, 3, \ldots , 2d-1 \}$
and
$2d+1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. If
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains an irreducible tempered subquotient, then it contains a unique irreducible tempered subquotient, which is a subrepresentation.
Proof Let us first show that there are no irreducible tempered subquotients in the case
$1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. Suppose, on the contrary, that
$1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
and there is an irreducible tempered subquotient
$\tau $
of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. If
$2d+1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
, using cuspidal support considerations, similarly as in [Reference Hanzer4, Section 4.2.1], we deduce that
$\tau $
is a subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^{-d} \rho , \nu ^d \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
, where
$\sigma _1$
is a strongly positive discrete series.
The Frobenius reciprocity implies
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma ) \geq \delta ([\nu ^{-d} \rho , \nu ^d \rho ]) \otimes \sigma _1$
. Using Theorem 2.1 and [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3], we easily get
$d = 1$
and
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma ) \geq \nu \rho \otimes \sigma _1$
. Consequently,
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma _1)$
.
Thus,
and [Reference Jantzen6, Lemma 5.5] implies that there is an irreducible subquotient
$\pi $
of
$\delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1 = \delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
such that
$\tau $
is a subrepresentation of
$\nu \rho \rtimes \pi $
.
By [Reference Muić16, Theorem 4.1(ii)], in
$R(G)$
, we have
where
$\tau '$
is an irreducible tempered subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
. If
$\pi \cong \tau '$
, we have
which is impossible since
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \times \nu \rho \otimes \pi '$
. Thus,
$\pi \cong L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1)$
, and
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
contains
$\nu \rho \otimes L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1)$
. Using Theorem 2.1 and [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3] again, we obtain
$L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1) \leq \langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _1$
, contradicting Proposition 3.5.
If
$2d+1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
, using cuspidal support considerations, we obtain that
$\tau $
is a discrete series representation, such that
$\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\tau ) = \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ) \cup \{ 1, 2d+1 \}$
. Also,
$\tau $
is a subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\delta ([\nu ^x \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
, where
$\sigma _1$
is a strongly positive discrete series,
$x \leq 0$
,
$x + y> 0$
, and in
$\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\tau )$
, we have
$(2y+1)\_ = -2x+1$
.
Using the Frobenius reciprocity, together with the transitivity of the Jacquet modules, we deduce
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma ) \geq \delta ([\nu ^x \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \otimes \sigma _1$
. The calculation of Jacquet modules gives
$x \in \{ 0, -1 \}$
,
$d = 1$
if
$x = -1$
, and
$\mu ^{\ast }(\sigma ) \geq \delta ([ \nu \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \otimes \sigma '$
. Consequently,
$2y + 1 = \min (\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ))$
, and
$\sigma '$
is a strongly positive discrete series such that
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ')$
and
$2y+1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ')$
.
If
$y < d$
, we have
$x = 0$
, and the calculation of Jacquet modules leads to
$\sigma _1 \leq \langle [ \nu \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma '$
. This contradicts [Reference Matić11, Proposition 3.3], the proof of which covers the integral case without any modification.
If
$d < y$
, we have
$x = -d$
, so
$d = 1$
. From
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma ) \geq \delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \otimes \sigma _1$
, we directly get
$\sigma _1 \cong \sigma '$
.
Note that
so there is an irreducible subquotient
$\pi $
of
$\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
such that
$\tau $
is a subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\nu \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \rtimes \pi $
.
By [Reference Muić16, Theorem 4.1(ii)], in
$R(G)$
, we have
where
$\tau "$
is an irreducible tempered subrepresentation of
$\delta ([\rho , \nu \rho ]) \rtimes \sigma _1$
. If
$\pi \cong \tau "$
, we have
Since
$y> 1$
and
$2y + 1 = \min (\mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ))$
, it follows that
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
does not contain an irreducible constituent of the form
$\nu \rho \otimes \pi '$
. Thus,
$\pi \cong L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1)$
so
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
contains
$\delta ([\nu \rho , \nu ^y \rho ]) \otimes L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1)$
. The calculation of the Jacquet modules implies
$\langle [ \rho , \nu \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma _1 \geq L(\delta ([\nu ^{-1} \rho , \rho ]); \sigma _1)$
, which contradicts Proposition 3.5, since
$\sigma _1 \cong \sigma '$
and
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma ')$
.
Let us now assume
$1 \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
. Using cuspidal support considerations, we obtain that an irreducible tempered subquotient
$\tau $
of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
is a subrepresentation of an induced representation of the form
$\rho \rtimes \sigma '$
, for a strongly positive discrete series
$\sigma '$
. Thus,
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
contains
$\rho \otimes \sigma '$
. Theorem 2.1 and [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3] imply
$\sigma ' \leq \langle [ \nu \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. It can now be seen, following the same lines as in the proof of [Reference Matić11, Proposition 3.3], that
$x \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
for all
$x \in \{ 1, 3, \ldots , 2d-1 \}$
and
$2d+1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
.
If
$x \in \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
for all
$x \in \{ 1, 3, \ldots , 2d-1 \}$
and
$2d+1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
, [Reference Matić10, Lemma 5.3] shows that the induced representation
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains an irreducible tempered subrepresentation. Also, by [Reference Matić11, Proposition 3.3], the induced representation
$\langle [\nu \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains a unique discrete series subquotient, which we denote by
$\sigma _{ds}$
. Using Theorem 2.1, together with [Reference Matić9, Theorem 5.3], we deduce that
$\rho \otimes \sigma _{ds}$
is a unique irreducible constituent of
$\mu ^{\ast }(\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma )$
of the form
$\rho \otimes \sigma '$
, for a discrete series
$\sigma '$
, and appears with multiplicity one.
Consequently, if
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{d} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
contains an irreducible tempered subquotient, then it contains a unique irreducible tempered subquotient, which is a subrepresentation.
Propositions 3.3 and 3.5, together with Theorem 3.6, enable us to describe the composition factors of
$\langle [ \nu ^a \rho , \nu ^b \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. Complete description is given by the following result, whose proof we omit, since it can be established by a very easy modification of the proof of [Reference Matić11, Theorem 4.6].
Theorem 3.7 Let us denote by
$x_1$
the minimal positive odd integer such that
$x_1 \notin \mathop {\text {Jord}}_{\rho }(\sigma )$
, and let
$x_{\min } = \frac {x_1 - 1}{2}$
.
-
(1) If $x_{\min }> b$
, then the induced representation
$\langle [ \nu ^a \rho , \nu ^b \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
is irreducible, and we have $$ \begin{align*} \langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma = L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \rho \rtimes \sigma). \end{align*} $$
-
(2) Suppose that $x_{\min } = 0$
. We denote by
$\tau _1$
and
$\tau _2$
mutually non-isomorphic irreducible tempered subrepresentations of
$\rho \rtimes \sigma $
. If
$-a = b$
, in
$R(G)$
, we have $$ \begin{align*} \langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma &= L(\nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau_1) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau_2). \end{align*} $$
If $-a < b$
, in
$R(G)$
, we have $$ \begin{align*} \langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma &= L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau_1) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau_2) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-2} \rho, \delta([\nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^a \rho]), \ldots, \delta([\nu^{-1} \rho, \rho]); \sigma). \end{align*} $$
-
(3) Suppose that $0 < x_{\min } \leq b$
, and let us denote by
$\tau $
a unique irreducible tempered subquotient of
$\langle [ \rho , \nu ^{x_{\min }} \rho ] \rangle \rtimes \sigma $
. If
$-a < x_{\min }$
, in
$R(G)$
, we have $$ \begin{align*} \langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma &= L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \rho \rtimes \sigma) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-x_{\min} -1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau). \end{align*} $$
If $-a = b$
, in
$R(G)$
, we have $$ \begin{align*} \langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma &= L(\nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \rho \rtimes \sigma) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-x_{\min} -1} \rho, \nu^{-x_{\min} -1} \rho, \nu^{-x_{\min}} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau). \end{align*} $$
If $x_{\min } \leq -a < b$
, in
$R(G)$
, we have $$ \begin{align*} &\langle [ \nu^a \rho, \nu^b \rho] \rangle \rtimes \sigma = L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho, \nu^{-1} \rho; \rho \rtimes \sigma) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \nu^{a} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-x_{\min} -1} \rho, \nu^{-x_{\min} -1} \rho, \nu^{-x_{\min}} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau) \\ &\quad + \ L(\nu^{-b} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{a-2} \rho, \delta([\nu^{a-1} \rho, \nu^a \rho]), \ldots, \delta([\nu^{- x_{\min}-1} \rho, \nu^{- x_{\min}} \rho]), \\ &\quad \nu^{-x_{\min}+1} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{-1} \rho; \tau). \end{align*} $$
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the referee for his or her careful reading, useful comments, and suggestions.







