To examine how food agency is associated with frequency of cooking dinner at home, frequency of consuming fast food and diet quality among adults in the USA.

Analysis of cross-sectional survey and dietary intake data. The survey measured food agency, dinner cooking frequency, fast-food frequency, dietary intake (Prime Diet Quality Score-30 Day (PDQS-30D)) and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics were used to estimate the association between food agency and dinner cooking frequency, fast-food frequency and diet quality.

A national, web-based survey in the USA fielded in November 2023.

Adults aged >18 years living in the USA (n 4453).

Compared with the lowest quartile of food agency, the highest quartile was associated with greater dinner cooking frequency (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1·27, P < 0·001), lower fast-food frequency (IRR = 0·74, P < 0·001) and higher diet quality (β = 6·28, P < 0·001). Higher self-efficacy, more positive attitudes and fewer structural barriers to cooking were associated with greater dinner cooking frequency, lower fast-food frequency and higher diet quality (P < 0·001 for all). Overall, comparing the highest to lowest quartile of food agency, predicted values were significantly higher for diet quality (Q4: 57·2, Q1: 50·8, P < 0·001) and dinner cooking frequency (Q4: 5·37, Q1: 4·09, P < 0·001) and lower for fast-food frequency (Q4: 4·74, Q1: 6·83, P < 0·001).

Food agency is associated with higher dinner cooking frequency, lower fast-food consumption and higher diet quality. Utilising a food agency framework in policies and interventions may be useful to promote greater home cooking and healthier dietary behaviours.

Cohort studies of individuals with a suicide attempt are crucial for identifying risk and protective factors to prevent recurrence. The SURVIVE prospective cohort study aims to investigate the demographic and clinical profiles of individuals presenting with suicidal behaviour.

A total of 1,741 individuals (289 adolescents aged 12–17 and 1,443 adults aged 18 and older) were recruited from emergency departments at eight hospitals across five Spanish regions following a suicide attempt. Baseline data were collected using structured clinical interviews and validated self-report instruments. Sociodemographic and psychiatric variables were analysed.

Most participants were female, and approximately 20% were migrants. Religious affiliation was reported by 35.6% of adolescents and 48.4% of adults. Depression and anxiety were the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses, while trauma-related and eating disorders were more frequent in adolescents, and substance use disorders in adults. Non-suicidal self-injury was reported by 76.6% of adolescents and 40.1% of adults. The most common method of attempt was self-poisoning in both groups. Psychotropic medication use was widespread, with both groups receiving a similar number of prescriptions.

The SURVIVE study provides a detailed characterization of suicide attempters in Spain, highlighting age-specific clinical patterns and contextual risk factors such as migration and religion. These findings underscore the need for tailored prevention strategies that consider developmental stage, psychiatric comorbidity, and social vulnerability.

This study examined gaps in adherence to preventive care recommendations for adults with Down Syndrome (DS) in Connecticut and explored the underlying factors collecting caregiver and primary care physician (PCP) perspectives.

Primary healthcare plays a vital role in preventing health issues. Despite well-defined clinical guidelines for adults with DS, studies show gaps in preventive care delivery for this population.

A mixed-methods study included chart reviews, a focus group and a survey of PCPs. Chart reviews examined records of adults with DS who received care between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, for adherence to recommended preventive services. The focus group explored caregivers’ experiences with preventive care, and the survey assessed PCPs’ knowledge of prevention needs for adults with DS.

Chart reviews of 241 adults with DS found low adherence to preventive care guidelines. Only 2.1% met the wellness visit benchmark, and 30.7% met the thyroid test benchmark. Themes from the caregiver focus group included challenges accessing care, clinicians’ lack of DS-specific knowledge and difficulties maintaining health and wellness outside the office setting. Of 81 PCPs surveyed, most reported feeling inadequately prepared to care for adults with DS. Only 27% reported relevant training, and 53% were unaware of annual thyroid function test recommendations.

The study reveal gaps in preventive care for adults with DS and underlying reasons from a caregiver and provider perspective. Further analysis of care for adults with DS and targeted interventions will contribute to improved preventive care for this population.

This study is the first study in Middle Eastern population that aimed to investigate the association between global diet quality score (GDQS) and risk of hypertension (HTN) in Iranian adults.

This population-based cohort study was conducted on 5718 individuals aged ≥ 18 years from the third and fourth Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study surveys, who were followed until the sixth survey (mean follow-up: 7·8 years). Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ to calculate GDQS as a novel food-based metric designed to assess diet quality across diverse populations. It evaluates the adequacy of healthy food groups (e.g. fruits, vegetables and whole grains) while monitoring the moderation of unhealthy or excessive intake (e.g. refined grains, processed meats and sugary foods).

Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Iranian men and women.

Participants had a mean (sd) age of 37·7 (sd 12·8) years, BMI of 26·6 (sd 4·7) kg/m2 and GDQS of 25·3 (sd 4·4). During the 7·8-year follow-up, 1302 (18 %) new cases of HTN were identified. Higher GDQS and its healthy components were associated with reduced HTN risk (hazard ratio (HR): 0·83; 95 % CI: 0·70, 0·98; Ptrend = 0·034 and HR: 0·78; 95 % CI: 0·65, 0·92; Ptrend = 0·005, respectively), while unhealthy components of GDQS showed no association with HTN risk (HR: 1·14; 95 % CI: 0·98, 1·33; Ptrend = 0·059). These protective associations were observed across all weight categories and both genders, with stronger effects among obese individuals (for GDQS: HR: 0·75; 95 % CI: 0·58, 0·98; P = 0·041; for healthy components: HR: 0·75; 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·99; P = 0·044) and females (for GDQS: HR: 0·77; 95 % CI: 0·62, 0·97; P = 0·028; for healthy components: HR: 0·76; 95 % CI: 0·60, 0·96; P = 0·023).

A higher GDQS was associated with a reduced risk of incident HTN among Iranian adults. Adherence to a high-quality diet, particularly focusing on the healthy dietary components of GDQS, may serve as an effective strategy for preventing HTN, especially among obese individuals and women.

Understanding how suicide rates vary across age, sex, and geography is essential to designing effective prevention strategies. We examined long-term trends in suicide mortality across European countries over three decades, with a focus on age-specific trajectories.

Using the WHO mortality database, we computed annual sex- and age-specific suicide rates (10–14 to 85+ age groups) from 1990 to 2022, for the most populous European countries, and aggregated rates for the EU-27 and four geographical areas (North, West, South, and Centre-East Europe). We also calculated percentage differences across four time periods (1990–1994, 2000–2004, 2010–2014, and 2020–2022), according to data availability.

Suicide rates increased with age, peaking in older individuals (85+) in most countries (e.g., 82.0/100,000 in France in 2020–2022, 77.1/100,000 in Germany among males, in 2020), except in the UK and Northern Europe, where rates peaked at middle age (∼22/100,000 at 45–49, in 2020). EU-27 suicide rates in 2020 ranged from 5.5/100,000 (age 15–19) to 58.2/100,000 (85+) among males, and from 2.6 (15–19) to 8.6/100,000 (85+) among females. Male suicide rates were 3 to 8 times higher than female rates across all ages. While overall rates declined since 1990 in most countries, youth suicide increased after 2010 in Western (e.g., +12%, girls 15–19), Southern (+24.5%, girls 15–19), and Northern (+44%, girls 15–19 and 20–24) Europe. Rates among young and middle-aged adults recently rose in Spain, the UK, and Northern Europe, while they declined in Eastern Europe after the 1990s.

Despite overall declines, our findings highlight marked heterogeneity in sex- and age-specific trends in suicide mortality across Europe. These patterns call for age-tailored prevention strategies that address evolving psychosocial stressors and structural determinants across the lifespan.

This study aims to provide an overview of evidence on factors affecting Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence across socio-ecological levels (individual, interpersonal and environmental) in Mediterranean countries, which can be target points for future interventions to promote MD adherence.

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines and registered in the Prospero database (CRD42020189337). Literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO.

The MD is one of the healthiest dietary patterns, reducing risk of chronic disease while promoting better health outcomes. However, adherence to the MD remains challenging, even in Mediterranean countries.

Healthy adults aged 18 years and older, living in a Mediterranean country.

A total of thirty-seven cross-sectional studies were included, with 190 to 13 262 participants. Most studies (30/37) were conducted in European Mediterranean countries, primarily Italy (n 14), Spain (n 9) and Greece (n 6). All studies involved community-based samples; two studies included only women. Individual-level determinants were the most frequently examined. Higher socio-economic status, regular breakfast consumption, being unemployed, a job seeker or retired were linked to better MD adherence. Socio-cognitive and interpersonal factors were underexplored. At the environmental level, COVID-19 confinement boosted adherence, whereas the effects of economic crises were inconsistent. Effect sizes were mostly very small to small, and findings are based on low-quality studies.

This systematic review highlighted several socio-economic and environmental factors potentially influencing MD adherence. However, more robust research is needed to better understand socio-cognitive and ecological factors.

Because of the complexity of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) clinical presentations across bio-psycho-social domains of functioning, data-reduction approaches, such as latent profile analysis (LPA), can be useful for studying profiles rather than individual symptoms. Previous LPA research has resulted in more precise characterization and understanding of patients, better clarity regarding the probability and rate of disease progression, and an empirical approach to identifying those who might benefit most from early intervention. Whereas previous LPA research has revealed useful cognitive, neuropsychiatric, or functional subtypes of patients with AD, no study has identified patient profiles that span the domains of health and functioning and that also include motor and sensory functioning.

LPA was conducted with data from the Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive Aging study. Participants were 209 older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). LPA indicator variables were from the NIH Toolbox® and included cognitive, emotional, social, motor, and sensory domains of functioning.

The data were best modeled with a 4-profile solution. The latent profiles were most differentiated by indices of social and emotional functioning and least differentiated by motor and sensory function.

These multi-domain patient profiles support and extend previous findings on single-domain profiles and highlight the importance of social and emotional factors for understanding patient experiences of aMCI/DAT. Future research should investigate these profiles further to better understand risk and resilience factors, the stability of these profiles over time, and responses to intervention.

This study investigated the factors influencing the mental health of rural doctors in Hebei Province, to provide a basis for improving the mental health of rural doctors and enhancing the level of primary health care.

The aim of this study was to understand the mental health of rural doctors in Hebei Province, identify the factors that influence it, and propose ways to improve their psychological status and the level of medical service of rural doctors.

Rural doctors from 11 cities in Hebei Province were randomly selected, and their basic characteristics and mental health status were surveyed via a structured questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The differences between the SCL-90 scores of rural doctors in Hebei Province and the Chinese population norm, as well as the proportion of doctors with mental health problems, were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyse the factors that affect the mental health of rural doctors.

A total of 2593 valid questionnaires were received. The results of the study revealed several findings: the younger the rural doctors, the greater the incidence of mental health problems (OR = 0.792); female rural doctors were more likely to experience mental health issues than their male counterparts (OR = 0.789); rural doctors with disabilities and chronic diseases faced a significantly greater risk of mental health problems compared to healthy rural doctors (OR = 2.268); rural doctors with longer working hours have a greater incidence of mental health problems; and rural doctors with higher education backgrounds have a higher prevalence of somatization (OR = 1.203).

Rural doctors who are younger, male, have been in medical service longer, have a chronic illness or disability, and have a high degree of education are at greater risk of developing mental health problems. Attention should be given to the mental health of the rural doctor population to improve primary health care services.