We present the deepest Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) survey to date, targeting the GAMA9 and GAMA23 survey fields at 215.68 MHz. With a bandwidth of 30.72 MHz, the two images cover ${\sim}1\,250\text{ deg}^2$ for the GAMA9 field and ${\sim}850\text{ deg}^2$ for the GAMA23 field, with an angular resolution of ${\sim}60''$. The GAMA9 image was formed from 1 282 2-min snapshot observations (42.7 h) and the GAMA23 image from 1 701 observations (56.7 h) achieving depths of $0.923 \pm 0.003$ and $0.331 \pm 0.001$ mJy/beam at the field centres, respectively. We processed the data with an updated version of the GLEAM-X pipeline tuned for deep surveys and make this MWA Deep Imaging Pipeline code public. Updates to the pipeline include automation of the observation downloading, calibration, and imaging along with optimisation of the CLEANing methods and parameters. Above $5\sigma$, we catalogue 53 419 and 80 407 radio components in the GAMA9 and GAMA23 fields, respectively. We find that the completeness corrected source counts for both fields are in good agreement down to 25–50 mJy with those from LOFAR and earlier MWA surveys. We demonstrate the utility of this survey by highlighting a few sources of particular interest and describing future science possible with this survey.

The study of quasi-period microstructures in pulsars offers valuable insights into the underlying emission mechanism. However, identifying these features through manual inspection of the intensity time series, often containing thousands to millions of pulses, is both laborious and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we have developed a Python-based software, Quasi-periodic MIcrostructure Search Tool (QMIST), to automate the search for quasi-periodic microstructures in radio pulsar time-series data. We provide a detailed description of the algorithms used in QMIST, demonstrate its efficacy using data on pulsars known to exhibit microstructures, and discuss potential future improvements. Using QMIST, we have performed a multi-epoch survey of quasi-periodic microstructures in a sample of 27 pulsars, using observations from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Green Bank Telescope, as well as the archival data from the Parkes telescope. In addition to recovering previously reported microstructures from several pulsars, we report, for the first time, detection of quasi-periodic microstructures in three pulsars, B1451$-$68, B1706$-$16, and B1845$-$19. We also estimate the typical period of microstructures in another pulsar, B0540+23, that was known to exhibit microstructures earlier, but the periodicity was unknown. Using the periodicity measurements from our survey, and earlier such measurements from the literature, we confirm the near linear relationship between the microstructure periodicity and the rotation period of pulsars, and discuss our results in the context of the emission mechanism of microstructures.

Compact, steep-spectrum radio sources are key tracers of exotic astrophysical objects such as pulsars and high-redshift radio galaxies. All-sky radio surveys at different frequencies, like the TIFR-GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS) and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), have been usually exploited to identify such tracers. The more recent imaging survey, Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS), with higher angular resolution and better sensitivity offers an avenue for a far better identification and characterisation of compact, steep-spectrum sources. In this work, using publicly available RACS images at 887 MHz and 1.4 GHz, we present an image-domain characterisation of 171 compact source candidates between declinations $-40^{\circ}$ and $+41^{\circ}$ that were detected and appeared compact at 147 MHz in TGSS but not detected at 1.4 GHz in NVSS. Our detailed characterisation resulted in the identification of 66 compact sources, 87 non-compact, diffuse or resolved sources, and 18 sources that are not detected in either of the RACS or NVSS images, implying spectral indices steeper than $-2.0$. Out of the 66 compact sources, 38 have spectral indices steeper than $-1.5$. We demonstrate that a large fraction of the sources in our sample were earlier not detected and resulted in incorrect spectral index limits due to poor imaging quality of NVSS in the Galactic plane. We present the spectral indices and morphological classification of all the sources in our sample and discuss their usefulness in identifying and studying interesting sources such as radio pulsars, high-redshift radio galaxies, and other extragalactic sources.

We present a new data release from the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS), a widefield snapshot radio survey conducted with the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). This data release contains the second RACS epoch to make use of ASKAP’s low-frequency band, centred on 887.5 MHz with a bandwidth of 288 MHz, referred to as RACS-low2. This RACS-low2 data release includes both Stokes I and V imaging and catalogue data products covering the whole sky up to a declination of $\approx+48^{\circ}$. RACS-low2 largely follows the observation footprint of the first low-band epoch, though includes additional coverage in the Northern Hemisphere. The observation scheduling and data processing follow previous RACS epochs, making use of autonomous scheduling and holography-derived primary beam models. The Stokes I and V catalogues are derived from images with a median point-spread function (PSF) of $14.2^{\prime\prime} \times 11.8^{\prime\prime}$ and have median root-mean-square noise properties of $\approx 195$ and $\approx 163\,\unicode{x03BC}$Jy PSF$^{-1}$, for the Stokes I and V images, respectively. The consolidated Stokes I catalogue contains 3 922 151 sources. We also constructed a catalogue of Stokes V sources by measuring Stokes V images at the Stokes I source positions. For the 221 Stokes V measurements above the estimated leakage and detection thresholds, we provide likely identifications, including detections of 61 radio stars, 85 pulsars, 43 AGN (many likely to be residual leakage), and one source that is not associated with a known astronomical object. These data products, including calibrated visibilities, images, source lists, and consolidated catalogues, are made publicly available through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive.

We present the Galactic Plane Monitor (GPM), a dedicated low-frequency radio transient survey conducted with the Murchison Widefield Array at 200 MHz. The GPM targets an underexplored region of transient parameter space spanning timescales from seconds to weeks, where recent discoveries of unusual Galactic radio sources – including long-period transients and other coherent emitters – suggest a rich and largely uncharted population. Leveraging the MWA’s wide field of view, we carried out 72 observing epochs between June 2022 and March 2025, searching $\sim5$ 000 sq. deg. of the Southern Galactic plane. We developed a multi-stage processing pipeline to search for variability across a broad range of timescales, from intra-snapshot (4 s to minutes), to inter-snapshot (minutes to hours), and inter-epoch (days to years). This approach combines image differencing, statistical variability metrics, and visual inspection to robustly identify transient candidates while mitigating the effects of ionospheric variability and imaging artefacts. In parallel, we produced deep mosaics using a ‘lucky imaging’ strategy to maximise sensitivity to faint persistent sources. We present the detections of five long-period radio transients, seven eclipsing binary millisecond pulsars, seven intrinsically variable pulsars, and the detection of refractive interstellar scintillation and night-time interplanetary scintillation. The GPM represents a key step toward fully mapping the dynamic low-frequency radio sky and informs the design of next-generation transient surveys with the SKA Observatory.

Radio searches of unassociated gamma-ray sources in the Fermi-LAT catalogues have led to the discoveries of around a fifth of all known millisecond pulsars (MSPs). These searches have almost exclusively been performed at radio frequencies above $300\,\mathrm{MHz}$, where dispersion and scattering in the interstellar medium are less significant. We report on a shallow survey for pulsars targeting 308 unassociated Fermi-LAT sources in archival Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) observations from the Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) pulsar survey at 154 MHz. The searches were performed using a new pipeline that implements semi-coherent dispersion removal, enabling greater sensitivities to MSPs than is possible with fully incoherent dispersion removal (e.g. 2–3 times better sensitivity for dispersion measures between $20\text{--}40\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}\,\mathrm{pc}$). No new pulsars were identified in the survey, which we attribute to insufficient sensitivity. We estimate flux density limits of approximately $30\text{--}220\,\mathrm{mJy}$ at $154\,\mathrm{MHz}$ ($0.7\text{--}5.2\,\mathrm{mJy}$ at $1.4\,\mathrm{GHz}$) for a spin period of $2\,\mathrm{ms}$ and a duty cycle of 28%. The MWA Phase III will increase the number of detectable gamma-ray pulsars by $\sim$30% and enable longer targeted observations with the real-time beamformer. The search pipeline will also be useful for searches of supernova remnants, globular clusters, and pulsar candidates identified in imaging surveys, all of which will help to inform the significance of future surveys with SKA-Low.

Genomic biobanks are increasingly embedded in the United States’ criminal justice system and scientific research institutions. Yet, we do not clearly understand how much the public supports these societal uses, why they do (or do not), and whether public perspectives are even meaningful given minimal familiarity with biobanks. Few studies have queried representative samples of the U.S. public, and almost all address only one moment in time and one of the two uses. In contrast, we draw on original survey data that (1) address scientific and forensic biobanks, (2) are representative of the U.S. public, (3) include re-interviews several years later, and (4) mix qualitative and quantitative measures of opinion. We find a public using value-based reasoning to express a mix of optimism and caution. We conclude that well-constructed surveys enable policymakers and experts to consider lay views as they craft policy relevant to genomics.

The Variables and Slow Transients (VAST) Survey on the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is designed to systematically explore the dynamic radio sky, detecting sources that vary on timescales from minutes to several years. In this paper, we present Data Release 1 of the VAST Extragalactic Survey, which targets slowly evolving synchrotron transients in the southern sky. The observations were carried out between June 2023 and May 2025, comprising 2 945 images of 276 fields spanning $\sim 12\,300\ \mathrm{deg}^2$, observed at 888 MHz with a typical rms sensitivity of 0.24 mJy $\mathrm{beam}^{-1}$ and 12–20 arcsec resolution. Each field was revisited approximately every two months, yielding 10 or 11 observations per field. The VAST pipeline extracts the light curves for all the observed sources, and additional filters are implemented to improve the reliability of the resulting light curve database. The light curve database contains 0.5 million sources and 6.4 million individual measurements, publicly available through the CSIRO data access portal. An untargeted variability search yields 117 astrophysical variables, including 27 pulsars, 40 radio stars (10 newly detected at radio wavelengths), 44 active galactic nuclei, two optically identified supernovae, one supernova candidate, one brown dwarf, and two sources without multi-wavelength counterparts that are yet to be identified. This data release provides the first large-scale, high-cadence, uniform view of long-term radio variability in the extragalactic sky and lays the groundwork for future population studies of radio transients with ASKAP.

The brown dwarf desert describes a range of orbital periods (${\lt}5$ yr) in which fewer brown dwarf-mass companions have been observed around Sun-like stars, when compared to planets and low mass stellar companions. It is therefore theorised that brown dwarf companions are unlikely to form or remain in this period range. The Gaia space telescope is uniquely sensitive to companions in this period range, making it an ideal tool to conduct a survey of the brown dwarf desert. In this study, we use Bayesian inference to analyse data from nearby (${\lt}200$ pc) Sun-like stars in Gaia’s DR3 catalogue, assuming single companions. From this, we identify 2 673 systems (2.41% of the sample) with possible brown dwarf companions in this period range. Accounting for observational biases, we find that $10.4^{+0.8}_{-0.6}$% of nearby Sun-like stars have astrometric errors consistent with a brown dwarf-mass companion with a period less than 5 yr, significantly higher than previous studies which reported occurrence rates of ${\lt}1$%. However, we acknowledge the limitations of DR3 and are unable to make a definitive statement without epoch data. By simulating epoch data with multiple companions, we find that, while some of the data can be explained by multiple low-mass brown dwarf companions and high-mass planets (${\gt}10$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$), high-mass brown dwarfs (${\gt}50$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$) in this period range are comparatively rare. Finally, we used our studies of the brown dwarf distribution to predict the number of companions in the brown dwarf desert we can expect to discover in DR4.

Different publics have been asked for their opinion about corruption through a variety of survey questions over the past five decades. Notwithstanding their relevance, these items have been developed with different (research) objectives in mind. This article introduces and discusses a new database on corruption surveys. The DATACORR database consists of national and cross-national survey items on perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of corruption and covers 3,050 items from 321 survey rounds, developed by 110 research projects of 83 different institutions around the world, from 1976 to 2019. Two public opinion-centred corruption research approaches have been identified: (a) one addressing conceptualisations of corruption and (b) another focusing on the evaluations individuals make of the impacts of corruption. Our study reveals that survey questions on corruption tend to be more generic and sociotropic. Although there have been attempts to move towards survey items capturing egotropic and specific aspects of corruption until the 2000s, this tendency has reversed more recently, making room for debate on how to advance knowledge in the field.

Lawyers play a central role in every political system in the United States. However, although lawyers are overrepresented in political office, women lawyers are underrepresented. We argue that, for men, attending law school and seeking political office aligns with broader career goals and gendered socialization patterns. We use an original survey of undergraduate social science majors to show that agentic career goals, or interest in influence, prestige, and wealth, are associated with attending law school. Data from a panel study of lawyers demonstrates that agentic goals predict political ambition. Women lawyers are less politically ambitious; agentic goals mediate this relationship.

In this paper we present a wide-field radio survey at 300 MHz covering the sky from $-90^{\circ} \leq \delta_{\text{J2000}} \lesssim {+40}^{\circ}$ using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This 300-MHz survey follows the Galactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) survey and provides an additional comparatively high-frequency data point to existing multi-frequency (72–231 MHz) data. With this data release we provide mosaic images and a catalogue of compact source components. We use two-minute snapshot observations covering 2015–2016, combining overlapping two-minute snapshot images to provide full-sensitivity mosaic images with a median root-mean-square noise of ${9.1_{-2.8}^{+5.5}}$ mJy beam$^{-1}$ and median angular resolution of ${128^{\prime\prime}8} \times {112^{\prime\prime}5}$, with some position-dependent variation. We find a total of 338 080 unique Gaussian components across the mosaic images. The survey is the first at 300 MHz from the MWA covering the whole Southern Hemisphere. It provides a unique spectral data point that complements the existing GLEAM survey and the ongoing GLEAM-eXtended survey and points towards results from the upcoming SKA-Low surveys.

We present the third data release for the Galactic and Extragalactic All-Sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended (GLEAM-X) survey, covering $\approx 3\,800$ deg$^2$ of the southern Galactic Plane (GP) with ${233}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {44}^{\circ}$ and $|b| \lt {11}^{\circ}$ across a frequency range of 72–231 MHz divided into 20 sub-bands. GLEAM-X observations were taken using the ‘extended’ Phase-ii configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which features baselines ranging from approximately 12 m to 5 km. This configuration limits sensitivity to the diffuse structure of the GP, with an angular resolution range of about $45^{''}$ to $2^{'}$. To achieve lower noise levels while being sensitive to a wide range of spatial scales ($45^{''} - {15}^{\circ}$), we combined these observations with the previous Galactic and Extragalactic All-Sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. For the area covered, we provide images spanning the whole frequency range. A wide-band image over 170–231 MHz, with RMS noise of $\approx\;$3–6 mJy beam$^{-1}$ and source position accuracy within 1 arcsec, is then used to perform source-finding, which yields 98 207 elements measured across $20 \times 7.68$ MHz frequency bands. The catalogue is 90$\%$ complete at 50 mJy within ${233}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {324}^{\circ}$ and at 125 mJy in ${290}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {44}^{\circ}$, while it is $99.3\%$ reliable overall. All the images and the catalogue are available online for download.