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This chapter examines pitching and storytelling as core practices in the entrepreneurial journey. It explains why pitching matters for acquiring resources, building credibility, and mobilising support, and outlines how to construct a compelling pitch, including the eight key elements of a pitch deck and different pitch formats such as elevator, investment, and customer pitches. The chapter then explores how storytelling enhances persuasion, introducing eight narrative types drawn from cultural entrepreneurship and marketing and showing how narratives can be strategically framed for different audiences. It concludes by positioning pitching as an iterative learning process shaped by practice, feedback, and reflection.
The article develops a deliberative approach to elite policymaking under conditions of uncertainty, using the Federal Reserve’s failure to act on early warnings of the 2008 housing bubble as a case study. Drawing on a thick analysis of transcripts from the June 2005 Open Market Committee meeting, it argues that the Fed’s inaction can be explained not only by flawed models or a restrictive mandate but also by the dynamics of deliberation itself. Participants acknowledged the risks and engaged in narrative construction, weaving evidence into a diagnostic bubble narrative and three policy narratives—monetary, supervisory, and systemic—each mobilized to persuade other participants that intervention was warranted. None, however, gained traction. Their failure reflected three pathologies of deliberation: skewed participation, reinforced by Greenspan’s coercive chairmanship and gendered patterns of interruption; discursive closure, privileging in-house models while dismissing external evidence; and policy apathy, rooted in perceptions of a limited mandate. Together, these dynamics blunted reflexivity, suppressed risk narratives, and produced consensus around inaction. The article contributes to deliberation theory by showing how narrative construction operates in elite policy settings and how interactional dynamics can entrench complacency under uncertainty. Methodologically, it demonstrates the value of thick analysis for tracing how conversation shapes institutional outcomes.
Abstract: By adopting a Mediterranean perspective in the study of Greek religion, we observe both shared nomoi and a wide diversity of practices. They imply a whole set of ‘ingredients’, such as names, objects, settings, and mainly relationships. According to places (such as Delos or Massalia) and times (Archaic colonization or Hellenistic networks), opportunistic strategies emerge on different scales from local to global. A Mediterranean approach makes us more sensitive to the dialectical relations between social forces, durable structures, and changing environments.
Artificial intelligence is depicted through various perspectives, interpretations, and portrayals across diverse contexts. Narratives, whether from traditional storytelling mediums like film, literature, and TV, or other forms of media, such as news, academia, and social media, surround us. These narratives significantly influence how we perceive, interact with, and understand our artifacts, including AI. In this chapter, we explore how these narratives have shaped our understanding of AI as a technology to develop critical thinking skills when encountering different narratives.
Lives are comprised of the stories we tell. At the beginning of this chapter, I argue for the importance of understanding how narratives not only mirror but also shape our understanding of ourselves and others. I draw on classic and contemporary research in social and cultural psychology to show how narratives are remembered and transformed over time and between people. I also discuss master narratives – dominant stories that help create shared understanding and cohesion in societies. I then introduce two dominant master narratives concerning economic development. The first highlights growing inequality and its detrimental impact on societies. The second emphasizes that, despite the vices of capitalism, economic growth has led to increased prosperity. I situate these narratives in the contemporary political and academic zeitgeist, where inequality dominates. I end the chapter by discussing the moral imperative to alleviate global poverty, create fairer societies, and pursue human capabilities as a guide for rethinking economic development.
We argue that repugnance can, in some cases, be strategically used as a resource by some ‘entrepreneurs’ who can use it to advance their own goals. To understand the conditions in which repugnance can be strategically used, we first propose a conceptual framework to characterize repugnance-related transactions and emphasize how concerned individuals devise narratives to manage these situations, increase (or even decrease) artificially their acceptability, and ultimately justify their behaviour. This framework, which combines relational proximity and the strength of social consensus surrounding a transaction, allows for predicting the costs of developing appropriate narratives. Then, we analyse four rationales by which entrepreneurial individuals exploit and use strategically repugnant dimensions. Repugnance can be strategically leveraged as a barrier to entry, a tool for niche differentiation, a mechanism of political and market polarization, and a means of attracting attention, thereby shaping competition, regulation, and visibility across markets and platforms.
This chapter interrogates how shifting contexts profoundly impacted Ngugi’s notion of history and his overall vison. Over the years Ngugi’s oeuvre has largely betrayed the conviction that African writing could intervene in the continent’s historiographical pursuits, and also in the actual determination of historical experience. As a result of complications in context, one sees in Ngugi’s later writing an attempt to reinvent himself in the process of interpreting and reinterpreting a perennially confounding postcolonial world in which the writer has been hewn from his history by the realities of migration, exile and globalisation. His later work is characterised by self-reflexivity as he wrestles with and casts doubt on the nature of narratives, especially their position, role or intervention in Africa’s historiography in a context that continues to defy logic. The act of writing is problematised and depicted as emblematic of a contemporary world where the increasing fluidity and unreliable nature of narratives call into question the very notion of historiography. Overall, Ngugi’s later major writing emerges as an epic journey of loss of faith that simultaneously questions, indicts and deconstructs the act of writing in a world where history seems contrived, concocted, deliberately chaotic and even stranger than ever before.
Over the course of the radiation treatment, I lost 20% of my body mass, and I was slim when it started. Here I talk about the radiation floor (mentioned in the Introduction chapter), and the early physical changes caused by the radiation.
Chapter 7 unpacks the forces sustaining societal inertia and explores pathways for transformative change. It introduces the metaphor of the “invisible strangling hand” to describe how systemic structures—emerging from policies, market dynamics, and social norms—trap societies in unsustainable behaviors. The chapter challenges the myth of free will and individual consumer responsibility, arguing that behaviors are deeply shaped by incentives, narratives, and institutional feedbacks. Central to this trap is the role of powerful vested interest parties (VIPs) in shaping perceptions through media, marketing, and policy influence, often masking harmful practices with greenwashing and moral licensing. Counterforces, such as scientists, activists, and journalists (SAWs), seek to challenge these narratives and highlight systemic dysfunctions. The chapter stresses the importance of collective worldview shifts, noting that transformative tipping points often begin at the network’s fringes. Historical examples and cognitive psychology reveal how moral dissonance, groupthink, and self-justification mechanisms sustain harmful norms.
The information system, now dominated by giant corporate platforms like Meta and Google, fractures our thinking by offering up, without qualitative distinction, every sort of fact and fantasy. The purveyors of such “sludge” offer a “confirmation” excuse by saying that they are merely confirming our preferences, some more reasonable than others. Actually, they have corrupted the marketplace of ideas promoted by thinkers such as John Stuart Mill who envisioned a post-Enlightenment forum that would moderately and respectfully assess propositions in order to try out “tentative truths,” thus seeking “knowledge” rather than “opinion.” But the current “marketplace for ideas,” conducted via “information system” instruments such as televisions and smart phones, is overloaded with so much information and disinformation that the shared understandings known to history as “common sense” cannot emerge from there, and citizenship is thus deprived of its major potential source of “wherewithal.” In such a time, community-wide “narratives” could take up the slack and point citizens in desirable directions. But such “Stories,” according to Neil Postman and Yuval Harari, do not emerge, because they are destroyed by relentless competition or undermined by academic debunking of historical Stories incorrectly framed before the rise of Science and Reason.
In this chapter, the book is introduced by interrogating how a political community is constructed and with what membership boundaries, especially when it lies across borders, or at another level than the nation-state. I argue that the political belonging found at the local level and based on ideas of ‘indigeneity’ – whereby the individual is bound to a particular community and has access to a bundle of rights by virtue of the ‘first-comer’ or ‘early-comer rule’– informs and contributes to the making of other types of political belonging at different levels.
As the number of immigrants into middle-income countries continues to rise, so do concerns about host nations’ increasing anti-immigration responses. Existing studies in high-income countries present promising pathways to promote immigrant inclusion. In particular, exposing host-nation members to immigrant personal narratives increases positive feelings towards immigrants and support for inclusionary policies. We assess whether, in a middle-income country where immigration’s economic impact is salient to host-nation members, immigrant narratives need to address this impact so that they can influence attitudes. Meta-analysis estimates from three survey experiments in Colombia conducted between 2021 and 2023 suggest that narrative-based interventions need not engage with economic concerns to promote positive affect towards immigrants, but when they address economic concerns they can also increase support for open immigration policies. Given that these narratives also reduce economic concerns, we find that the conditions for inclusionary interventions to be most effective are nuanced in middle-income migrant destinations.
In this paper, I investigate four sites connected to animist narratives in Northern Norway. The unrest associated with these sites is seen as being caused by human activity but carried out by disruptive forces. Sometimes the causes are known; sometimes they are unknown, but still connected to active agencies in these landscapes. The narratives relate to two types of forces that can make a place uneasy: chthonic forces and harmful deeds of humans against nature or other people. Implicit within these narrations and interpretations is an animistic worldview: places can and do remember. The places presented here are situated close to current or past Sámi settlements, suggesting that they are the result of animist and possibly shamanic practices and cosmologies. This reveals an ongoing concern with disruption of human/nature relations and attributed continued meaning through the Sámi narrative tradition. Sámi language originally had no word for nature. Luondo, the name used today, originally meant personality of humans, animals, or places, and illustrates my entry point into these phenomena.
This article examines the construction of gendered collective identity among leftist women in Turkey through their post-1980 coup prison memory. By analyzing 124 autobiographical narratives, we uncover a process of identity formation grounded in a continuous negotiation between past struggles and present concerns, constituting a counternarrative that challenges the master narrative of defeat and submission prevalent after the coup. The article’s tripartite framework of distance, substance, and persistence underscores women’s journey from marginalization to collective empowerment, producing shifting subject positions across time. By placing temporality at the center of collective identity formation, this study contributes to feminist memory literature and identity studies while addressing a significant historiographical gap by bringing the neglected struggles of leftist women in Turkey to light.
The article examines artificial intelligence (AI) narratives of the three most important powers in the emerging global AI order – the US, China, and the EU. It argues that these narratives are central to constructing the meanings ascribed to AI in international politics and therefore to understanding the global competition for AI leadership. Specifically, the article uses a method of narrative analysis to reconstruct the AI narratives of the three powers from government documents and strategy papers. These narratives speak to the worldviews and AI images of the powers, how they view each other’s aspirations and behaviours, and what their objectives and motivations are to engage in AI competition. The relationship between the narratives sheds light on the scope for international AI cooperation and conflict. The results reinforce expectations of an intensifying ‘AI race’ between the US and China for global AI leadership. The EU comes out more as a bystander to this geopolitical competition, but strives to lead the development of international AI norms and standards. The article points to different potentials for cooperation and conflict on different aspects of AI and identifies status-seeking as a possible driver of AI competition.
This chapter examines how narratives of corruption are mobilized by two very different political actors in Latin America: marginalized rural farmers and free-market think tank elites. We show that, for each group, corruption is both a central element of political discourse and a tool for shaping state–society relations and advancing particular interests. Their narratives serve to define the boundaries of corruption, interpret the state, and drive and justify political action within changing historical contexts – for Colombian farmers, a state that has become newly consequential to their lives; and for right-wing think tank elites, a left turn in regional politics. The comparison demonstrates that while each group uses similar narratives, their different social positions and networks shape the actions they take in response: Farmers rely on clientelist networks to access the few state resources left to them by elite corruption, while elites engage in a hegemonic struggle against leftist populism. Paradoxically, even while sharing a strikingly similar understanding of corruption, each group condemns the practices of the other as corrupt. This analysis underscores the ubiquity of corruption as a strategic and moralizing tool in Latin American politics.
Public support is crucial for the success of policy interventions that aim to change behaviour. While communicating evidence of policy effectiveness can increase support, it remains unclear which type of evidence is most effective. Statistical evidence is often seen as objective and persuasive, yet personal anecdotes can strongly influence beliefs. We examined how statistical and anecdotal evidence affect policy perceptions. In three online experiments with representative UK samples (N = 908), we showed participants different types of evidence (statistical, anecdotal, or both) that argued for or against six policies, such as meat taxes (climate change), banning e-cigarettes (public health), and 20 mph speed limits (community safety). We measured policy support and perceived effectiveness before and after exposure and explored participants’ reasoning through open-text responses. Results showed that positive statistical and anecdotal evidence did not significantly increase perceived policy effectiveness or support, even when combined. However, negative anecdotes significantly reduced both, though this effect was sometimes mitigated when paired with statistical evidence. Qualitative results found that participants have broader concerns beyond policy effectiveness, such as fairness. Our findings suggest that communicating evidence on policy effectiveness alone may not increase support, as it does not address broader public concerns.
To study the social impacts of third sector organizations seeking the integration of vulnerable populations, we explored an alternative approach: life-history narratives. In this methodological article, we present and detail the steps followed in qualitative research applying this approach. We depict the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of life-history narratives, from the individual narratives to the construction of a typology, in consideration of the broader social context. We also address the challenges encountered in this type of research and then share some of the general results from our specific project to highlight the richness of the approach. Our contribution offers a deep-seated exploration of complex methodologies that involve working with third sector organizations toward concrete alternative means of impact assessment, and the consideration of effects on individual trajectories anchored and situated in more macro, societal context.
Narrators like to highlight important events in their stories. In some languages, they may shift to first- or second-person pronouns to refer to third-person referents in order to do so. Such pronoun shifts show functional parallels with tense shifts like the historical present, as both highlight events through shifts in deictic categories. Longacre (1983:138-39) discusses the parallels between person and tense shifts in his account of narrative peak, that is, the formal marking of important narrative events. Labov (1972) analyzes similar strategies as internal evaluations. Person shifts constitute a phenomenon of the discourse-syntax interface and present a clear case of discourse structure influencing grammar. Both person shifts themselves and their motivation in narrative structure have been little investigated. The article reviews person shifts in a number of languages reported in the literature and analyzes in detail the characteristics of this discourse strategy in Saliba-Logea, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea. The study contributes to the growing body of research on pronouns and person markers, and on referring expressions more generally, by adding a new angle of investigation. Previous studies have tended to focus on the morphosyntactic choices of referring expressions and their motivations, that is, on the choices between lexical nouns, free vs. bound pronouns, and so forth. The present study focuses on the paradigmatic choices between different person forms within one and the same morphosyntactic expression type. In doing so it offers a new perspective on pronoun choice and the factors influencing it crosslinguistically. While some types of person shift appear to be rare, overall, the strategy of person shift at narrative peak seems to constitute a solid crosslinguistic phenomenon.
Narratives shape public perceptions and policymaking around emerging technologies like quantum technologies (QTs), yet what narratives develop across different societal domains remains underexplored. This study analyzes narratives about QTs in 36 government documents, 163 business reports, and 2023 media articles published over the past 23 years, using a mixed-methods approach that combines topic modeling with qualitative thematic analysis. We find that the dystopian or utopian extremes associated with technologies such as artificial intelligence are largely absent from discourse about QTs. Media coverage tends to cover a broad range of topics, while business and government narratives emphasize technical milestones, economic competitiveness, and national security, frequently at the expense of questions about ethics, equity, and accessibility. We discuss the implications of this focus, particularly the risk that an emphasis on zero-sum geopolitical competition could foster a more closed and fragmented innovation ecosystem.