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This chapter asks about the relations between new digital technologies, law, and fascism. It identifies fascism not as that of a ghost of the past, as set in a particular European history, or invested in authoritarian political leaders, but instead as present in the form of ‘micro-fascisms’ of everyday life and governance. Through a transdisciplinary conversation on law, politics, and computational science our query into the relations between new digital technologies, law, and fascism centres on how concrete operations of, among other digital technologies, AI, machine learning, and blockchain technology, resonate with the powers and processes of law, rendering authoritarian and fascist affinities ever more opaque yet exceedingly materially tangible in the posthuman condition. Looking for both problems and possibilities we ask: What can fascism do in the 21st century, where does analysis begin, and how to make non-fascist modes of resistance, alliance, and community-building sense-able, thinkable, and do-able? Is there a mode of non-fascist living with new digital technologies and law? If so, what is needed in (or instead of) global law and governance for such a life to become realised?
In Chapter 4, a history of the scientific method and the philosophies of science and technology are presented. The relationship between science, technology, and government indicate the impact of scientism and technological determinism on government policymaking, including a growing neglect of human well-being.
Effective communication between specialists and primary care providers is important for optimal care. This cross-sectional study explored primary care providers’ preferences for concise versus detailed clinical letters in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.
Methods
A survey was sent to primary care providers in Manitoba, Canada, to reflect on their past experiences and review sample concise and detailed letters. Quantitative data were analysed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests and chi-squared tests. Qualitative responses were thematically analysed.
Results
Seventy-five percent of respondents (57 incomplete responses, 39 complete) preferred concise letters, citing the readability, inclusion of key information and clear treatment plans. Some participants requested the inclusion of interim recommendations and more comprehensive details. Preferences did not differ by profession (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Most primary care providers prefer concise clinical letters. Detailed rationale and interim plans can be integrated into concise formats to enhance usability without sacrificing essential information. Optimising clinical letters for conciseness may enhance interprofessional communication and care coordination.
Chapter 8 contrasts ancient, more personal forms of domination (through kings, shepherds, masters) with more impersonal, digitally enabled forms of modern domination that organize work, life, and death on a planetary scale. Confronting the mass loss of wildlife and the industrial confinement of animals – and the possibility that humans may soon share that fate – this conclusion calls for collective action to cultivate more genuinely social forms of relation, knowledge, and spirituality that affirm the intrinsic worth of all beings rather than reducing life to utility.
This article examines how mobile apps and digital platforms embed values about speed, efficiency, and productivity into their design, shaping how teenage users understand what makes time “well spent.” It argues that speed is only part of the story: the same platforms also rely on automation and data-driven algorithms that decide what fills users’ attention, turning that attention into a product. Drawing on design theory and classical rhetoric, the article introduces the concept of deliberative restraint as an alternative to the “move fast” ideology of Silicon Valley and offers concrete practices for putting it to use. Rather than advocating for digital abstinence, the article equips readers with critical questions to recognize when design choices prioritize velocity over reflection, helping them make more intentional decisions about their relationship with technology.
What happens when change isn’t a choice but a necessity? Chapter 5 delves into a reactive perspective on change, where transformation is sparked not by vision or planning but by disruption, crisis, and external shocks. From natural disasters to economic meltdowns, this perspective shows how adversity often forces organisations to confront reality, adapt quickly, and sometimes reinvent themselves. Concepts like resilience, robustness, and punctuated equilibrium illuminate how change can emerge in bursts – abrupt, unpredictable, and deeply consequential. Rather than seeking control, this approach highlights survival, learning, and strategic renewal in volatile environments. It also reframes risk and uncertainty not as enemies but as powerful catalysts for reinvention. At its heart, this chapter challenges us to ask: in moments of rupture, who steps up – and what kind of change becomes possible?
This chapter traces the historical evolution and terminology of the right to science within international human rights law, exploring its emergence post-Second World War and highlighting the pivotal role of UNESCO and the recent General Comment No. 25. It critically analyses essential terminology such as the scientific process, scientific progress and the benefits of science, both material and immaterial. Special attention is given to defining the scope of protected scientific knowledge, extending beyond traditional academic disciplines to encompass citizen science and Indigenous and traditional knowledge, while clearly distinguishing legitimate scientific knowledge from pseudoscience.
Business history and labor history have long evolved along separate paths, largely in isolation from one another. Political turmoil in many advanced industrial nations, driven in part by working-class populism, highlights the need to reckon with the ways that the labor question, long neglected in the United States and elsewhere, deserves attention from business historians.
This chapter concentrates on two authors, two contexts, and two works: US schoolteacher Mary Bradley Lane’s Mizora (1881) and British-Indian author Rokeya Hossain’s “Sultana’s Dream” (1905). Extrapolating the techno-social emergence of female ballooning in the nineteenth-century United States and India, the chapter argues that the two feminist utopias intersect social and environmental freedom. Lane employs the underground setting popularised by Bulwer-Lytton to house a techno-feminist civilization controlling the climate at will, while Hossain describes the diffuse, oneiric terrain of Ladyland in which climate control supports a garden world. Comparing the two different feminist utopias and contexts, both marked by feminist aviation and atmospheric interventions, the chapters showcase the socio-political character of anthropogenic climate change: Hossain’s climate utopia is caring, inclusive, and decolonial, whereas Lane’s is cynical, exclusive, and imperialist.
This chapter synthesizes key insights gleaned from exploring the symbiotic relationship between various academic disciplines and human rights by the chapter authors. It reiterates each discipline’s unique and significant contribution to human rights, manifested in discipline-specific etymologies, ontologies, theories, concepts, and research subjects, all of which deepen and diversify the human rights discourse. The conclusion further elaborates on how human rights, in turn, has brought new dimensions to these disciplines. By highlighting profound ethical and human challenges, human rights have spurred these disciplines to evolve and adapt, creating a mutually enriching relationship. This interplay has been instrumental in the development of new areas within HRE and research, reflecting an integration of human rights concerns into the core fabric of various fields of study and collectively offering a multidisciplinary approach to human rights. The conclusion also offers a forward-looking perspective on the evolving role of human rights scholarship and human rights education within higher education. It discusses the potential future trajectories of this integration and how it can shape academic inquiry, teaching methodologies, and the broader educational landscape, in particular in addressing emerging and growing human rights challenges through human rights education and research.
In 2025, the International Committee of the Red Cross, together with a team of renowned experts, published online an updated Commentary on Geneva Convention IV (GC IV), a cornerstone of the international legal framework protecting civilians in armed conflict. Another article in this issue of the Review provides an introduction to GC IV and to the updated Commentary, summarizing the key protections set out in GC IV and their interpretation in the Commentary. This companion article provides a more substantive overview of the Commentary, exploring nine selected thematic areas in detail and highlighting key interpretive developments in each of them. More specifically, the article considers the Convention’s scope of application; its interpretation in light of diverse experiences and requirements in armed conflict; technological change; humanitarian activities; the distinct roles of Protecting Powers and the ICRC; internment; occupation; measures to be taken in peacetime; and mechanisms of enforcement and accountability.
This chapter examines the first Argentine productions of Verdi’s Otello, including one starring tenor Francesco Tamagno. Expectations in Buenos Aires surrounding the Otello productions were heightened by the new media landscape and by the city’s changing urban and demographic environment, including plans for a new Teatro Colón. These shifts also generated scrutiny of the layers of cultural, geographical and technological distance between Argentina and Italy. Tamagno’s Otello emerged as a sticking point, however: an element considered fundamental to Verdi’s conception, yet the tenor’s powerful voice appeared to resist future reproduction. The material complexities of Otello as a work in performance and the opera’s depiction of a flawed military hero ultimately intersected in the figure of ‘Tamagno-Otello’, I argue: a figure poised between a heroic Italian past and a mechanical future, crystallising wider debates over operatic mediation in the Argentine capital. Turning to Italy I consider how Argentine perceptions of Tamagno’s uniqueness and of Verdi’s Italian status were ultimately internalised, pointing to the intertwining of national mythologies with new technological media.
Escalating planetary crises – manifested through climate change, biodiversity loss, socio-ecological inequality and geopolitical instability – demand new forms of environmental education that engage Earth system complexity beyond anthropocentric frameworks. Drawing on posthuman philosophy and the planetary boundaries framework, this paper explores how planetary ethics can be cultivated through innovative pedagogical practice. Using the “Posthuman Educator” course as a qualitative case study, the paper examines how post-anthropocentric, post-dualistic and care-based pedagogies reconfigure learning across technological, ecological and spiritual dimensions. Participant reflections and pedagogical practices reveal planetary ethics as an emergent, relational process enacted through lived experience, multispecies attunement and collective responsibility rather than prescriptive outcomes. The study argues that posthuman pedagogy offers powerful methodological and ethical resources for education by fostering embodied awareness, epistemic plurality and situated planetary consciousness. The paper contributes to educational scholarship by demonstrating how posthuman approaches can meaningfully engage with planetary boundaries thinking in transnational and decolonial contexts.
In this chapter, Davis Schneiderman revisits William Burroughs’ “Playback Trilogy” – The Job, The Electronic Revolution, and The Revised Boy Scout Manual – as a critical lens for understanding the contemporary challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence, misinformation, and deepfake media. Arguing that Burroughs’ theories of language, media manipulation, and technological control anticipate core dynamics of AI’s influence on culture and perception, Schneiderman explores how Burroughs’ experiments with tape recorders and playback foreshadow algorithmic systems that operate with unintended, emergent consequences. Situating Burroughs’ techniques alongside cybernetic theory and the escalating crisis of automated media, the chapter assesses Burroughs not only as a prophetic figure but also as a practical theorist of language systems gone rogue. From deepfakes to AI chatbots inciting violence, Schneiderman demonstrates that Burroughs’ methods – cut-up, disruption, playback – remain urgently instructive for resisting the logic of control in the digital age.
This chapter uncovers the role of business in coproducing European standards during the 1992 Program. Building on the argument of Chapter 1 that the Commission strove to create a regional business environment in which firms would regionalize, it finds that the interests of European business and European policymakers converged around the issue of standards. The Commission promoted common norms as a means of market integration. While some European companies, executives, and BIAs were skeptical of the potential for standardization to function as a form of regulation, they also understood that standards were determinants of market access. Consequently, many worked to shape new regional norms to their advantage.
The book offers a critical history of how international law governs information to entrench unequal distribution of wealth and power since the end of World War II. Mapping doctrinal and institutional developments of various subfields in international law that concern the organization of cross-border information flow, this book identifies a dual-sided framework consisting human rights and free trade as a hegemonic framework for the governance of information. Drawing on Marxist legal theory, Third World Approaches to International Law, critical media studies, and heterodox political economy, the book argues that this framework, despite persistent internal contradictions and external contestations, has evolved to facilitate the expansion of capital and reproduce hierarchy throughout three eras of capitalist transformations of the past eight decades.
William Burroughs in Context offers the most comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of the iconic author to date and it captures the immense scope of Burroughs' radical vision and cultural influence. Moving far beyond the Beat Generation, this volume brings together 35 original essays that reframe Burroughs through his many identities: novelist, multimedia artist, queer visionary, drug theorist, and cultural provocateur. By organizing contributions around themes like space-time travel, technology, environmentalism, and creative collaboration, the book presents Burroughs as a uniquely situated figure at the crossroads of literature, science, philosophy, and pop culture. The contributors-drawn from leading voices in literary studies, media theory, cultural history, and the arts-offer readers fresh insights into both familiar and underexplored dimensions of Burroughs' oeuvre. An essential resource for scholars and fans alike, this landmark volume positions Burroughs as a central figure in understanding 20th-century counterculture and its ongoing 21st-century legacy
Chapter 2 focuses on the role and potential of technology in the mathematics classroom. You will be introduced to the TPACK and SAMR frameworks, which support effective planning and teaching with digital tools. This chapter demonstrates how technology can enhance engagement, feedback, personalisation, and collaboration, while providing guidance on selecting high-quality digital resources aligned with the cross-curriculum priorities. The integration of technology is framed to enrich pedagogical practice and support diverse learners.
This article argues for a re-evaluation of the current orthodoxy in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, driven by the inconvenient reality that existing mechanisms for measuring AI capabilities are inadequate for the task of evaluating general-purpose AI. Lawmakers and legal scholars alike have drastically overestimated our understanding of frontier AI systems and how they work. Nascent governance frameworks often assume a basic capacity for evaluating general-purpose AI that is simply not supported by the technical literature – they are built on a house of cards. The rapid pace of progress on the AI frontier has taken general-purpose AI past the point where a human expert can reliably interpret or interrogate their behaviour, particularly to the legal standards that lawmakers have codified to date. This article explores how technological complexities within general-purpose AI create sui generis challenges for regulators and the law. Faced with the prospect of an anthropocentric ceiling to efforts to understand frontier AI systems, this article proposes a new paradigm for lawmakers, Sentinel Governance, grounded in governance-oriented innovation and experimentation to supplement human oversight of AI. New mechanisms for evaluation and enforcement are needed to avoid AI regulations subsiding into a checkbox exercise.
In this article I am concerned with interrogating the intersection between the Newtonian and Cartesian intellectual inheritances of AI and machine learning, and ideas about the ethics of war. As militaries turn to new and emerging technologies to maintain or achieve a technological edge over their perceived adversaries, they create new imaginaries of future war—alongside the technologists, academics, and defense scientists crafting new terms, ideologies, and frameworks for making sense of these technologies. In this article I will argue that the intellectual inheritances of machine learning strengthen certain pre-existing tendencies of thinking about ethics and war that function to push the experience of war, particularly for those subjected to it, to one side. The first of these is ethics as code, which in its most extreme form seeks to quantify ethics. The second is ethics as identity, in which we see the reduction of complex ethical debates to a simple belief that “we” are the ethical actors and the “other” is not. To combat the expansion of militarism that these narratives enable we must foreground the experience of war, both of those subject to it and of those creating the conditions for war.