Growing interest in bat-borne zoonoses has intensified field sampling of wild bats, raising questions about welfare, methodological transparency, and conservation impacts. We conducted a Systematic Quantitative Literature Review of zoonotic research published between 2014–2024 and involving capture and sampling of bats worldwide, querying Scopus and PubMed. A total of 226 studies met the inclusion criteria, spanning five continents and focusing predominantly on viruses (71.2%). Invasive procedures were frequent and often performed on species of conservation concern: euthanasia was reported in 48.2% of studies, anaesthesia in 20.3%, blood sampling in 18.6%, and PIT-tagging in 1.7%. Methodological transparency was frequently insufficient: 46.3% of studies failed to report essential procedural details, preventing assessment of adherence to welfare guidelines, while explicit non-compliance was identified in 15.0% of cases. Less than half of the studies supported their sampling approaches by citing established protocols or guidelines. Ethical approvals and capture or sampling authorisations were generally present, although inconsistently detailed. Overall, our findings reveal substantial gaps in procedural transparency in bat zoonotic research. We encourage the scientific community to strengthen welfare standards and ensure full methodological disclosure within a One Health-One Welfare framework, balancing public health objectives with wildlife welfare and long-term conservation priorities.

Managed turfgrass covers approximately 16.4 million ha in the United States and generates substantial economic value while providing recreational and ecosystem benefits in urban landscapes. Integrated weed management (IWM) is essential for sustainable turfgrass systems, but its implementation differs markedly from IWM in row-crop production because of distinct management objectives, available tactics, and state and federal regulations. Annual row-crop systems focus on yield optimization, while perennial turfgrass swards prioritize aesthetics, playability, and public safety. Turfgrass management relies heavily on cultural practices (species and cultivar selection, mowing, fertility, irrigation) and the use of chemicals because other strategies that apply to row-crop production, such as cover crops, crop rotation, and tillage, have limited applicability. This review synthesizes current knowledge of turfgrass IWM components, including cultural, physical (e.g., fraise mowing, laser, thermal), biological (e.g., bioherbicides, insects), and chemical (e.g., herbicides, plant growth regulators, organic alternatives, targeted application technologies), and contrasts them with IWM in row-crop production. We further examine federal regulations that affect the management of herbicide-resistant weeds, with particular emphasis on drivers of human health risks and measures to mitigate risks to species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). While managing herbicide resistance is a primary concern in both systems, turfgrass managers face higher per-hectare weed management costs, stricter public-exposure protections, and additional regulatory restrictions. Current ESA mitigation measures are largely based on row-crop models and may overlook turfgrass-specific attributes that reduce environmental exposure risk. Key challenges include limited geospatial data to help characterize turfgrass use sites and inadequate recognition of existing turfgrass management practices as effective mitigation measures, including continuous vegetative cover, no-till, irrigation management, reduced application rates, and precision or spot applications. This review highlights the need for turfgrass-specific research, development, and validation of IWM efforts that integrate emerging technologies chemical and nonchemical tactics, including an assessment of their long-term ecological and economic effects, and for aligning them with regulatory policy to support effective weed management in turfgrass systems.

Dual diagnosis (DD) refers to the coexistence in the same individual of a substance use disorder and other mental disorder. The increase in substance use among women over the past two decades, along with related health issues and mortality rates, has underscored the importance of integrating a gender-based approach in addiction research and treatment. This transition has led to an increased focus on substance use among women and individuals of other gender identities. This narrative review aims to examine the evidence on gender differences in DD to enhance knowledge that supports the development of innovative, evidence-based policies and practices. These efforts seek to improve access to and the adequate treatment of drug use disorders and comorbid conditions among women and LGBTQIA+ individuals. Additionally, advancements in the literature on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, environmental factors, treatment needs, and final recommendations are discussed. This manuscript supports a progression from gender integration towards gender transformation – a paradigm shift extending beyond the simple incorporation of gender perspectives into existing systems towards a deeper transformation that challenges and changes current gender norms and structures, aiming for a more equitable system.

Temperate glaciers, characterized by ice at the pressure-melting point and the coexistence of solid and liquid water, are generally considered unsuitable as natural archives because meltwater undermines the paleoclimatic signals they hold. Historically, ice-core studies have favored cold glaciers. However, the ongoing atmospheric warming is driving many formerly cold portions of glaciers toward temperate conditions. As such, the relevance of temperate ice as potential paleoclimate archives is increasing. Assessing its ability to record environmental signals has become a priority for ice-core science. This review synthesizes more than 70 years of research on temperate ice cores, tracing the evolution of scientific approaches from pioneering efforts in the 1950s to recent projects across the globe. The behavior of ice-core proxies—including soluble and insoluble impurities, water stable isotopes, gases, radionuclides and organic compounds—is discussed in the context of meltwater-related post-depositional processes. By compiling and comparing evidence from diverse settings, this work highlights both the challenges and the emerging opportunities for retrieving meaningful information from temperate glaciers. Understanding how climatic and chemical signals are modified, preserved or lost in rapidly transforming glaciers is essential for sustaining the role of ice-core science in a warming world.

Behavioural design processes have proliferated in recent years across a diverse set of fields including policy, product development and health. However, this diversity of perspectives also increases ambiguity regarding which (and when) processes should be enacted, which hinders research and practice across fields. This drives two research questions: (1) How are behavioural design processes currently framed, described, and enacted? and (2) How can we consistently understand commonalities and differences across behavioural design processes? In response to these questions, we adopt a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) approach, reviewing 12 processes from academic and practitioner sources selected through purposive sampling and analysed using a theory-informed coding protocol. Through interpretive synthesis, we re-characterise behavioural design in terms of an ecosystem of distinct but complementary processes rather than its typical presentation in fixed sequences of steps. This increases behavioural design’s ability to respond to different degrees of uncertainty and dynamism in the problem and solution as well as its ability to reflect diverse assumptions about uncertainty, iteration, outcomes and practitioner capability. This research supports an important and developing interdisciplinary area by bringing design process into a design science research context through which many of these topics can be further discussed and developed.

The Article argues that Australia’s current open access framework remains structurally inadequate because it relies predominantly on soft-law policy mandates rather than enforceable statutory rights within the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). While international jurisdictions increasingly embed open access obligations into legislative and regulatory systems, Australia continues to depend on fragmented institutional compliance and funder policies that are vulnerable to publisher contracts and inconsistent implementation. Through comparative legal analysis, the Article also examines the statutory secondary publication rights adopted in Germany and the Netherlands alongside policy-driven approaches in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. It demonstrates that jurisdictions with legislative open access provisions provide greater legal certainty, author protection, and long-term sustainability than systems dependent solely on administrative mandates. Building on these international developments, the Article proposes a “Three-Phase Open Access Pathway” for Australia consisting of: (1) mandatory repository deposit of publicly funded research outputs; (2) statutory embargo limitations guaranteeing time-bound public access; and (3) mandatory open licensing through mechanisms such as Creative Commons licensing. Further, the Article situates the proposal within Australian copyright jurisprudence by examining the broader public interest and technological balancing principles reflected in cases such as University of New South Wales v Moorhouse, IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, and Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v iiNet Ltd. Ultimately, the discussion of the Article contends that statutory reform is both legally feasible and normatively necessary to align Australian copyright law with contemporary principles of open science, transparency, public accountability, and equitable access to publicly funded knowledge.

Strong health system governance requires effective stewardship of private actors operating within health systems and ensuring that their activities align with a government’s strategic health goals. Financialisation, defined as the expanding role of financial actors, instruments, and ideas, has been identified as a potential opportunity, but also challenge to health systems and their governance. There is a need to comprehensively understand how financialisation impacts both health systems and their governance. We initiated a critical interpretative synthesis of literature theorising financialisation of health systems or health system governance. A search was conducted to identify English-language, peer-reviewed and grey articles that (1) contains definitions or conceptual frameworks of financialisation; and (2) relates this concept to health systems or health-system governance. We found that articles defined financialisation as a transformative process characterised by the advent of private investors and financial instruments within health systems. We identified several emergent themes in the literature, such as the role of profits and competition in financialised health systems. Finally, most articles addressed potential challenges that financialisation raises for health system governance, especially accountability and transparency challenges. We conclude by considering how future research might address the remaining gaps within the literature.

The fast-moving field of data science is increasingly permeating into the health and care actuarial sciences. Given this context, the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries set out to form a “techniques in data science in health and care” working party. This working party was tasked with creating a framework for those actuaries working within the health and care domain that would assist them in determining which techniques are appropriate for a project. The framework presented here was developed through a combination of literature review and synthesis of expert opinion from experienced practitioners from diverse backgrounds. The framework offers a structured, itemised approach, serving as a checklist to ensure that all relevant analytics and decisions are considered and documented. Each itemised topic is covered by a summary providing guidance and relevant references for further reading. The checklist follows the natural workflow of a data analytics project, guiding users through each step to prevent omissions and maintain rigour in both analysis, reporting and peer-review. The framework blends relevant analytics elements from actuarial science, data science and epidemiology. We hope the framework will enhance transparency, reproducibility, and comprehensiveness in the reporting and peer-review of health and care data analytics projects.

Voluntary organizations as well as churches rely heavily on Christian volunteers, yet research on their motivation delivers conflicting answers and limited guidance. This paper applies a comprehensive (2,485 records screened) scoping review-based approach mapping 79 empirical studies (1989–2026) on Christian volunteer motivation across church and civil society projects. Using the UN Volunteers 2020 framework, we analyze (i) study designs, theoretical lenses, instruments, (ii) volunteer populations, and (iii) project settings. We identify three structural barriers to cumulative knowledge: heterogeneous and often implicit motivation concepts; an instrument–phenomenon mismatch that sidelines religious motives (notably through uncritical reliance on the Volunteer Functions Inventory); and systematic underreporting of key participant and context variables. These gaps account for much of the contradictory evidence and restrict its practical use. We outline concrete reporting and measurement standards to integrate religious motives into mainstream volunteering research and to improve evidence-informed management of Christian volunteers.

Documentary linguistics is new and distinctive enough that some linguists and other participants in academic reviews may be uncertain about how to assess its outputs. We recommend specific strategies for assessing documentary linguistic scholarship in academic review contexts, based on a brief description of the field for the benefit of colleagues in other areas.

Publication in peer-reviewed journals is of major importance to careers in academia. It has become clear that a considerable gender gap exists in political science journal publishing and a debate on how to confront this gap has got under way. This article examines the gender distribution in publishing (1978–2021), submissions and reviewing (2015 to end of 2020) for West European Politics. We identify a gender gap in publishing, but find a more pronounced gap when it comes to submissions. Over time, there are notable changes in authorship categories. In terms of the review process, we have not found a gender gap in desk-rejects or in the double blind peer review process. However, there is a considerable gender gap in review invitations sent out. In addition, female scholars are somewhat less likely to accept invitations to review than their male colleagues. These observations are in-line with the findings of other political science journals. They underline the need for the discipline to confront, in particular, imbalances in submissions and to identify the reasons behind them, as key means to reduce gender gaps in academia.

Hypertension (HTN) is the primary cause of preventable cardiovascular-related deaths globally, representing the most important modifiable risk factor for preventing such deaths. Nearly 700 million of the 1.3 billion adults with HTN worldwide remain untreated, most of whom live in low-and middle-income countries, including East Africa. Barriers to the diagnosis of HTN also impact treatment adherence after diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. This scoping review used a qualitative synthesis method to describe studies examining the cultural and contextual factors influencing HTN treatment adherence in East Africa and the lived experiences of patients with HTN to gain a better understanding of these factors in the region. A total of 34 studies, 25 qualitative and 9 mixed-methods designs from five East African nations were included in the final review. Reported influencing factors are classified into individual, structural, and social factors. Lack of HTN literacy and limited risk perception were often cited as individual barriers to adherence, along with mental health challenges, including fear of stigma, while trust and HTN literacy enhanced adherence. Inconsistent healthcare delivery, lack of access, and financial constraints were the most reported structural factors. Social norms surrounding health behaviours and attitudes towards HTN treatment were identified as key determinants of adherence at the social level. The findings underscore the complex interplay of individual, structural, and social factors associated with HTN treatment adherence in East Africa, offering practical ways to enhance adherence in the region at all three levels.