Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients often experience substantial emotional burden. This study assessed depression, anxiety, stress, and coping–distress associations among caregivers in Eastern India to inform culturally sensitive interventions.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 adult caregivers of terminal cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Participants were recruited via systematic random sampling and interviewed using a structured proforma, the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Brief-COPE inventory. Descriptive statistics summarized demographics and caregiving characteristics. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess associations between psychological distress and coping domains, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Caregivers (median age 43 years; 70% male) were predominantly the patient’s children (67%). Median DASS-21 scores indicated moderate depression (16), anxiety (14), and stress (16). Coping scores indicated low-to-moderate use of problem-focused (1.875 ± 0.321), emotional (1.871 ± 0.269), and avoidant coping (1.865 ± 0.266). Emotional coping correlated significantly with anxiety (ρ = 0.301, p = 0.002), depression (ρ = 0.317, p = 0.001), and stress (ρ = 0.293, p = 0.003). Depression also correlated with stress and problem-focused coping, while stress correlated with avoidant coping.

Caregivers experienced considerable psychological burden, with emotional coping consistently linked to distress. These associations likely reflect reactive adaptation rather than inherent maladaptiveness. Results highlight an urgent need to recognize caregiver distress within oncology settings and to develop culturally informed psychosocial interventions in palliative care, particularly in low-resource environments. Such efforts could enhance both caregiver well-being and quality of end-of-life care.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing symptom in terminally ill patients with cancer. While many studies have been conducted on the relationship between fatigue and quality of life (QOL) among patients undergoing treatment, only a few have been conducted to measure fatigue from multiple perspectives or clarify its impact on patients in advanced stages or those receiving palliative care.

To examine the impact of fatigue on QOL in terminally ill patients with cancer, using a questionnaire that measures CRF from 3 perspectives.

CRF and QOL were measured using the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative (EORTCQLQ-C15-PAL), respectively, and the correlation between them was evaluated. Web-based questionnaires were completed by patients receiving hospice and palliative care.

Twenty-nine participants provided valid responses. Median CFS and global health status/QOL scores were as follows: total fatigue 25.0, physical fatigue 11.0, affective fatigue 9.0, cognitive fatigue 5.0, and global health status/QOL 50.0. QOL showed significant correlations with total fatigue (rs = −0.44, p = 0.017, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.09) and physical fatigue (rs = −0.38, p = 0.038, 95% CI: −0.66, −0.02), but none with affective fatigue (rs = −0.02, p = 0.917, 95% CI: −0.38, 0.35) and cognitive fatigue (rs = −0.33, p = 0.074, 95% CI: −0.63, 0.03).

Of the 3 aspects of fatigue, physical fatigue may be most closely related to QOL; however, its accurate assessment may depend on the scale used. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate scale for patients with terminal cancer.

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the underlying structural mechanisms that generate a desire for hastened death (DHD) in patients with terminal cancer from a whole-person perspective based on insights from palliative-care professionals (PCPs).

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 36 PCPs experienced in caring for patients with terminal cancer and DHD, followed by a thematic analysis based on Boyatzis’ hybrid approach.

We identified 6 themes that characterize the underlying structural mechanisms of DHD. DHD arises from feelings such as loss of self-control, inability to escape adverse circumstances, confronting death and letting go of life, pain of loneliness, being unable to accept living life as it is, and feeling unable to live with the thought of being an inconvenience to others, in addition to physical and psychological pain. In contrast, certain patients who had built good relationships with family members and/or PCPs found new meaning and value in their current lives, expressing a desire to live in the moment and choosing to continue living until the end.

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the underlying structural mechanisms of DHD in patients with terminal cancer from a whole-person perspective. DHD with spiritual pain is linked to the loss of future orientation, autonomy, and meaningful relationships through interconnected structural pathways, leading to feelings of worthlessness and existential meaninglessness. The identified framework demonstrates that these underlying mechanisms operate through an interplay of existential, relational, and autonomy-related factors extending beyond physical and psychological symptoms, reflecting an interconnected human experience across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. This study established an evidence-based framework enabling healthcare professionals to implement whole-person approaches to recognize the multidimensional nature of DHD and address existential distress across all dimensions of human experience in end-of-life care.

Patients with terminal cancer receiving home palliative care present differential healthcare utilization trajectories before death. It remains unclear which situational elements influence these trajectories among disparate patient groups. The aim of this study was to compare situational influences on “persistently high” and “low stable” trajectories of healthcare utilization in patients who received palliative care support at home.

Bereaved family caregivers were recruited from our prior quantitative study investigating healthcare utilization trajectories in oncology patients on home-based palliative care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Analysis of data uncovered how the 2 utilization trajectories were influenced by the interplay of 1 or more of 4 situational elements. Perceived symptom control in patients, influenced by their determination to die at home, shapes the susceptibility to situational contingencies, resulting in differential utilization trajectories. Caregivers’ mental readiness in dealing with unexpected circumstances has a significant impact on the overall manageability of care, ultimately affecting decisions related to healthcare utilization. The concordance between symptom needs and scope of homecare services in a given situation proves to be an important determinant. Lastly, perceived accessibility to informal support in times of need acts as a contextual reinforcement, either preventing or precipitating decisions regarding healthcare utilizations.

Our findings hold important implications for the provision of homecare services, in particular, the need for comprehensive assessment of end-of-life wishes during homecare enrolment and strengthening psychological preparedness of caregivers. Expansion of home-based clinical interventions tailored to high utilizers, and funding for temporary in-home respite should be considered to optimally manage potentially preventable acute healthcare utilization.

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between caregivers’ attachment styles, family functioning, the care setting and pre-loss grief symptoms, the burden, and the caregivers’ belief of patients’ awareness of the terminal cancer diagnosis.

A total of 101 caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in residential hospice care and home care were interviewed and completed self-report questionnaires.

Insecure attachment style and home care setting were associated with worse psychological effects in caregivers of patients with terminal cancer. Moreover, family cohesion can promote low social burden and the patient’s awareness of their terminal condition.

This study highlighted the importance of evaluating the caregiver’s attachment style, family functioning, and the setting of care during the terminal phase of the patient’s life. These findings will be useful to planning interventions to prevent burden and the pre-loss grief symptoms in the caregivers.

Although palliative care units treat patients with various comorbidities, there are no reports of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

The treatment and care of a breast cancer patient with OCD are presented.

A woman in her 40s was admitted to the palliative care unit for terminal breast cancer. She spent most of the day cleaning the bath and bed areas, ignoring efforts to restrain her actions by the staff. After being diagnosed with OCD, the above symptoms improved through the coordinated action of the staff and medication.

This is the first report of the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with OCD in a palliative care unit. Early psychiatric diagnosis and subsequent staff response contributed to improvement in the patient’s quality of life.

Patients with terminal cancer often experience physical and mental distress. Signing a do-not-resuscitate order (DNR) is crucial to protect against invalid treatment. This study aims to explore the effect of hospice shared care intervention by medical staff on the completion of a DNR-S (DNR order signed by surrogates) for patients with terminal cancer.

The cross-sectional study in this research involved secondary analysis of data from the 2011–2015 clinical cancer case management database of a medical center in central Taiwan. Those with a DNR order signed by patients (DNR-P) or DNR-S before the hospice shared care consultation were excluded from this study; a total of 1,306 patients with terminal cancer were selected.

This study demonstrated that the percentage of DNR-S after consultation involving both nurse and physician was 75.4%. With other variables controlled, the number of DNR-Ss after consultation with a nurse was significantly lower [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.75] and that of DNR-Ss after consultation involving both nurse and physician was significantly higher (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.79), than that of DNR-Ss after consultation with only the physician.

Joint involvement of the nurse and physician in hospice care provides sufficient information to patients and family with terminal cancer about their condition and enhances doctor–patient communication. This effectively assists patients with terminal cancer and their family members in making the major decision of signing a DNR, alleviates the concerns of patients and family members about signing a DNR, and reduces terminal cancer patients’ pain at the end of life to ensure that they die in peace and dignity.

There are many terminally ill cancer patients who are struggling with the meaning of life, but it cannot be said that their concerns are being adequately addressed.

From a series of cancer patients undergoing end-of-life care, the case of a patient, who developed incurable lung cancer and, together with his wife, lost the meaning of life and underwent meaning-centered couples psychotherapy once every two weeks to have them consider the meaning of life together, is presented.

The patient was a 70-year-old man who had been diagnosed with lung cancer and pleural dissemination 14 months earlier. The meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) sessions were conducted with the patient and his 70-year-old wife by a cancer nursing specialist who had received extensive training in MCP and had also received 7-year on-going supervision from a Japanese MCP-enlightened psychologist. At the same time, palliative treatment of physical distress was performed. The patient was able to discover the meaning of life as a result of MCP performed by a cancer nursing specialist for him and his spouse who had lost any notion of the meaning of life after being informed that he had terminal cancer at the time of the initial diagnosis.

Meaning-centered psychotherapy provided to terminal cancer patients by cancer nurses can help patients and their families express their gratitude, thereby achieving a good death for the bereaved family. Nurses are likely to increasingly perform MCP in the future.

The terminal phase of cancer represents a major crisis for the family system. Regardless of the caregiving role they undertake, family members are forced to address multiple impacts when facing the approaching death of their terminally ill loved one. International guidelines recognize the importance of integrating the family into a care plan. However, more needs to be known about how to deliver optimal family support. The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the art in family/caregiver-focused interventions of people with terminal cancer in palliative care.

For this purpose, an overview of the literature's systematic reviews on the topic was conducted to select Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on family/caregiver-focused interventions.

Nine interventions were found in the systematic reviews of literature and meta-analysis. These family/caregiver-focused interventions were then thoroughly and critically analyzed. Despite the heterogeneity with regard to their characteristics, the interventions commonly focused on caregiving matters, were brief in duration, and delivered by non-mental health experts. The efficacy of such interventions was seen as modest.

Family/caregiver-focused interventions in palliative care remain a matter of concern and more research is needed to identify adequate and effective ways of helping families that face the crisis of terminal illness in the system.

Family caregivers (FCs) in China provide hospice care to terminally ill cancer patients; however, few studies have been conducted in China on caregiver burden and bereavement experiences as a process that continues over time. The purpose of this study was to identify the main elements of caring and bereavement experiences for FCs caring for patients diagnosed with terminal cancer.

Twenty in-depth qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with FCs providing care in a hospice unit in Shenzhen, Southern China. Interview transcripts were analyzed via thematic content analysis.

A framework based on the following eight principal themes was developed through content analysis of our FC interviews: symptoms of the illness, the truth-telling process, attitudes toward death, the “color” of death, social and professional support, the moment of death, and grief and loss.

The analysis showed that caregiving may positively or negatively influence the bereavement process.

The experience of living with dying has attracted limited research. We utilized interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experience of individuals with terminal cancer receiving palliative care in Ireland.

Participants were purposely selected from public interviews that had been conducted between 2006 and 2011. The study included the accounts of eight participants (N = 8; six females and two males) with a diagnosis of terminal cancer. Participant ages ranged from 36 to 68 years.

Three master themes emerged from the analysis: the personal impact of diagnosis, the struggle in adjusting to change, and dying in context. The results revealed that participants were still living while simultaneously dying. Interestingly, participants did not ascribe new meaning to their lives. The terminal illness was understood within the framework of the life that had existed before diagnosis. They strove to maintain their normal routines and continued to undertake meaningful activities. Management of unfinished business and creation of a legacy were salient tasks. Social withdrawal was not present; rather, participants engaged in emotional labor to sustain valued roles. However, we found that within the public domain there is a paucity of education and discourse supporting individuals at the end of life. The hospice was noted as an important external resource. Each participant experienced a unique dying process that reflected their context.

Healthcare professionals need to recognize the subjectivity of the dying process. Dying individuals require support and options to maintain their personhood.

The primary objective of this article is to elucidate the significance of psychosocial distress and risk in a sub-population of end-stage cancer patients and their spouse caregivers who present with an especially challenging attachment style and histories of childhood trauma. The case study presented highlights the need to both identify and offer an empirically validated couple–based intervention, along with a multi-disciplinary team approach over the trajectory of the illness and at end of life.

A validated marital protocol (emotionally focused couple therapy [EFT]) is modified for this population and conducted by an EFT-trained psychologist as part of a pilot investigation as to the feasibility and effectiveness of EFT for the terminal cancer population. Measures of marital distress, depression, hopelessness, and attachment security are completed at baseline and subsequent intervals, as reported in another publication. Attachment insecurity and the exquisitely intimate relationship with caregiving and care receiving are underscored, given the couple's traumatic childhood history.

The couple described herein, followed from diagnosis of metastatic disease to end of life illuminates the potential effectiveness of a modified EFT protocol, and underscores the need to both identify and intervene with a population potentially at significantly high risk for marital distress, suicidality, depression, and hopelessness.

The benefits of a multidisciplinary team is evident as the patient's symptoms of physical distress increased toward end of life and she returned to earlier behaviors, namely suicidal ideation and an attempt to alleviate her experience of suffering. The strength of the marital bond, possibly as a result of the intervention, and the efforts of the multidisciplinary team approach, demonstrate potential to mitigate a catastrophic end of life and a complicated spousal bereavement. This case study adds to the current empirical literature in an area that is currently under-studied and under-reported.