Formal thought disorder (FTD) has been conceptualized as a categorical syndrome of psychosis, but this remains untested. Clarifying whether FTD is categorical or continuous and its supra-thres hold prevalence in non-clinical populations has direct implications for bears directly on mechanistic studies of FTD, psychosis prediction, and early intervention.

In a multi-site cross-sectional study of 520 individuals (352 clinical, 168 non-clinical), we used the Thought and Language Index to assess FTD across three subconstructs: Loosening, Peculiarities, and Impoverishment. Using complementary taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) with simulation of comparison data and multiple thresholding approaches (minimally important change criteria, ROC analysis, intuitive binarization), we evaluated the latent structure of FTD, optimal cutoff points to estimate FTD prevalence, and the frequency of co-occurrence of subconstructs.

Taxometric analyses revealed a predominantly dimensional latent structure for FTD across various base rates. Among healthy individuals, Peculiarities were uncommon (1.2%), but 11.3% exhibited Loosening and 8.9% had Impoverishment even with conservative thresholds. Multi-construct co-occurrence exceeded chance across the sample but was restricted to patients at conservative clinical thresholds.

FTD exists in a continuous dimensional structure extending into healthy populations. Each dimension is measurable in healthy individuals, but multi-dimensional convergence at clinical thresholds (i.e. disorder with functional impairment) appears specific to patients. This suggests that common vulnerability factors increase the likelihood of elevations across multiple but substantially independent dimensions of FTD. As a hypothesis requiring prospective validation, clinical risk of psychosis may depend on the coalescence rather than single-dimensional severity of FTD subconstructs.

Exposure to stress is a well-established risk factor for psychotic experiences, yet the cognitive mechanisms underlying this association remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether longitudinal changes in cognitive biases mediate the relationship between stress exposure and changes in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the general population sample of adults aged 18–40 years.

Adults without a history of psychiatric treatment were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Change-score mediation models with bootstrap confidence intervals were estimated, adjusting for age, gender, and education.

Of 5,126 adults who completed the baseline assessment, 2,290 (44.7%) participated in the follow-up. Greater stress exposure predicted increases in PLEs, negative, and depressive symptoms. After correction for multiple testing, significant indirect effects consistent with mediation by cognitive biases were observed for PLEs, but not for negative or depressive symptoms. These effects were significant for changes in belief inflexibility, safety behaviors, external attribution, and subjective cognitive and social cognitive problems, but not for attention to threat or jumping to conclusions. Reverse mediation models indicated consistently smaller indirect effects. In parallel multiple-mediator models, no individual bias showed a unique indirect effect on PLEs, yet the total indirect effect remained significant, suggesting mediation through interrelated biases. Social cognitive problems emerged as the only bias with a specific indirect effect on negative and depressive symptoms.

Longitudinal changes in cognitive biases might represent an indirect pathway to the association between stress exposure and increases in PLEs. These findings highlight cognitive biases as potential targets for preventive interventions.

With the advancement of internet technologies, daily life has become more convenient; however, cyberbullying victimization has also risen. It poses serious threats to psychological and physical well-being and is a potential risk factor for suicide. Although prior research has linked cyberbullying victimization to suicide risk, evidence on the variation of this association across individuals and its robustness to high-dimensional confounders remains limited. This study estimates the average treatment effect (ATE) and conditional average treatment effect (CATE) of cyberbullying victimization on suicide risk.

Using 6,476 Weibo users’ posts (3,873 individuals in the cyberbullying victimization group and 2,603 individuals in the control group), we extracted linguistic and psychological features via dictionary-based methods and predictive models, and applied Double Machine Learning (DML) to estimate high-dimensional adjusted associations between cyberbullying victimization and suicide-related language expression. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and tree-based explainers quantified the relative importance of features and identified subgroups with distinct CATEs.

DML analyses indicated a positive DML-adjusted contrast between the victimization and non-victimization groups on the CSD-derived suicide-related language score (ATE = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.20, 0.48]), with heterogeneous effects across psychological and linguistic traits. Hopelessness plays a central role, while elevated Hostility and Tentative further increase risk; greater Cause, Autonomy, and Money are associated with attenuated effects.

By integrating DML, this study provides preliminary evidence regarding exploratory heterogeneity patterns in the DML-adjusted association between cyberbullying victimization and CSD-derived suicide-related language score and offers a theoretical basis for identifying high-risk victims and designing targeted interventions.

This study investigated the architecture and neural activity of white matter functional networks (WMFNs) in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) after prolonged abstinence, compared with healthy controls (HCs).

Blood oxygen level-dependent signals in white matter were analyzed using a data-driven k-means clustering approach across individuals with OUD at baseline (OUD1), the same individuals after prolonged abstinence at follow-up (OUD2), and HCs.

In OUD1, the deep frontoparietal network was fragmented into the superior longitudinal fasciculus network and anterior corona radiata network; this organization partially recovered in OUD2, becoming more similar to HCs. OUD1 also showed hyperactivation in the deep frontal network and hypoactivation in the frontotemporal-parietal network, with frontotemporal-parietal activity negatively correlated with years of opioid use.

OUD is associated with disrupted architecture of WMFNs and altered neural activity, whereas prolonged abstinence may promote partial network restoration. These findings highlight the neuroplastic potential of WMFNs during recovery and provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying OUD and abstinence-related rehabilitation.

Transgender and nonbinary (trans) people face elevated risk for suicidal ideation (SI); yet, many do not experience SI, necessitating study of mechanisms contributing to, or buffering against, trans suicide risk. Gender minority stress and resilience theories have been tested cross-sectionally; however, no work has tested these models in the daily lives of suicidal trans adults.

Trans adults with past-month suicidal thoughts or behaviors (N = 47) were enrolled for a virtual research study involving a baseline set of interviews and questionnaires, followed by a 4-week ecological momentary assessment protocol. Ecological momentary assessment surveys were administered six times daily and assessed various minority stressors and momentary SI; each day’s first survey assessed resilience factors. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to disentangle within- and between-person effects of minority stress and resilience factors on changes in SI.

We observed that interpersonal and intrapersonal minority stressors predicted proximal within-person changes in SI over several hours; however, between-person estimates of resilience did not moderate the minority stress–SI relationship, as argued by extant theory.

Although the sample demonstrated adequate geographic, age, and gender diversity, participants were primarily White, limiting generalizability to racial minority trans people, and those outside the United States. Results suggest that interventions targeting minority stress and resilience factors may be appropriate for suicidal trans people, alongside social and political efforts to address discrimination and other interpersonal harms faced by trans people.