This paper examines the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and intention to leave the organization through a cross-cultural comparison between France and Morocco. It also explores the roles of CSR sensitivity and CSR information sharing as antecedents, and of person-organization fit (PO-fit) as a mediator of the relationship under study. Two cross-sectional samples were collected: French (n = 243) and Moroccan (n = 234). Invariance and structural equation modeling path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized model. Results reveal partial scalar (mean) invariance across the measurement scales, indicating similar structures between France and Morocco. Path analyses support the proposed model and highlight differences between the samples. A negative relationship between perceived CSR and intention to leave the organization is mediated by PO-fit. This cross-cultural study advances micro-CSR by integrating CSR sensitivity and CSR information sharing into a unified model of their joint and distinct effects on perceived CSR, PO-fit, and turnover, extending signaling theory by positioning sensitivity as a boundary condition. Findings showed that organizations must adopt practices that align with the country’s cultural reality. Nevertheless, cross-cultural training is essential for multinational organizations operating in France and Morocco. However, the survey was not multilevel or longitudinal, which limits the ability to generalize the results to other countries. This study highlights the mediating role of PO-fit in the relationship between CSR perception and turnover intention, determined by CSR sensitivity and information sharing. It offers a new direction to research on micro-CSR and its cross-cultural dimensions.

Workplace cyberbullying is an emergent psychosocial risk at work that compromises employees’ health and well-being. However, there is lack of validated measures in Spanish to assess this issue. Thus, this study aims to validate the Inventory of Cyberbullying Acts at Work (ICA-W) in a sample of Spanish employees (N1 = 498) and to develop an ultra-short version, which was subsequently tested in a second representative sample (N2 = 1,995). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure (comprising work-related, person-related, and intrusive cyberbullying behaviors) and indicated the presence of a strong underlying general cyberbullying factor, indicating a solid model fit. Also, this Spanish version of the ICA-W demonstrated good psychometric properties and reliability (α = .973; ω = .973). Regarding validity, ICA-W scores were significantly associated with anxiety and work engagement in the expected direction, providing initial evidence of criterion-related validity. In addition, an ultra-short version of the ICA-W (3 items) was developed based on expert judgment to facilitate quick assessments in research and applied settings. Results from analyses conducted in Sample 2 suggest that this ultra-short measure was also reliable and valid. These findings support the use of both the full and ultra-short versions of the ICA-W for measuring workplace cyberbullying in Spain, thereby facilitating the estimation of its prevalence and enabling cross-cultural comparisons.

The shorter lifespan and increased prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidities in autistic people is a challenge for mental health. There is a high risk of suicide-related behaviors in autism, which are related to mental health issues, social isolation, and other factors. Here we aimed to systematically review the evidence on risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviors in autistic people. Electronic datasets (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo) were searched for empirical articles on the risk and protective factors for suicide in autism. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the retrieved data. This review included 19 studies reporting multiple risk factors associated with suicide-related behaviors. Noteworthy contributors among these factors include psychiatric comorbidities, bullying, cyberbullying, teacher harassment, and cognitive functions. The evidence for protective factors is limited; however, social relationships are highlighted. Identifying risk and protective factors is paramount for detecting early warning signs and enabling the prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior. Our review identified key sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive risk factors to take into account as alarm-signs when identifying suicidal behaviors in autism.

We tested whether the degree to which university instruction is professionally oriented has an indirect effect on university graduates’ early career outcomes (finding a job within 6 months after graduation and three job quality indicators: educational horizontal fit, perceived overqualification, and hierarchical level) via personal employability dimensions (career identity, personal adaptability, human capital, and social capital). The study sample consisted of 303 university graduates. Data were collected at two time points: 2 months before graduation (Time 1) and 6 months after graduation (Time 2). Two research models were tested by means of path analyses, for the two sets of dependent variables: finding a job after graduation and job quality of those that found a job. The results showed that: (1) professionally oriented university instruction (POUI) had a positive indirect effect on finding a job within 6 months after graduation via social capital; (2) POUI had a positive indirect effect on horizontal fit and a negative indirect effect on perceived overqualification via career identity; and (3) POUI had a positive indirect effect on the hierarchical level via social capital.

This study explores age-related differences in conformity to masculine norms between two distinct groups—emerging adults (26 and younger) and older adults (over 26)—using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-29). The total sample consisted of 837 male participants (100%), aged between 18 and 64 years. Group distributions were as follows: emerging adults (≤ 26 years; n = 439, M = 22.42, SD = 2.16) and older adults (> 26 years; n = 398, M = 39.54, SD = 10.33). The research examined the factorial structure of the CMNI-29 in a Spanish sample, accumulated evidence of its internal validity, and tested its measurement invariance across both age groups. A novel methodological approach was applied, combining Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models to assess changes in measurement due to the transition to adulthood. The theoretical structure was confirmed by EGA and CFA, showing scalar invariance across groups. Furthermore, significant differences in latent means were observed, with the older group reporting lower adherence to norms, particularly in winning, risk-taking, violence, self-reliance, and heterosexual self-presentation. These findings suggest that masculinity ideologies differ between emerging and older adulthood, reflecting shifts in life priorities and social expectations.

Loneliness is a growing concern in contemporary societies, particularly in urban environments, where social dynamics are rapidly evolving. Existing measures may not fully capture the complexity of loneliness in the context of ongoing technological and social changes. This study introduces the Madrid Loneliness Questionnaire (MLQ), a new instrument designed to assess loneliness in adults within modern sociocultural contexts. A sample of 1,526 adults (77.1% women; 18–87 years) participated in the study. The sample was randomly divided for structural validation: one subsample underwent exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 623) and the other confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 903). Measurement invariance across gender and age was examined using multigroup CFA. Convergent validity was assessed through correlations with self-esteem and perceived stress. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. EFA and CFA supported a three-factor structure with excellent fit indices (Comparative Fit Index = 0.998; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.997; RMSEA = 0.019; SRMR = 0.05): Social Skills, Partner Relationships, and Emotional Isolation. Multigroup CFA confirmed scalar invariance across gender and age. Significant gender differences were found in Social Skills (higher in men) and Partner Relationships (higher in women). The oldest age group (>65 years) scored higher on Partner Relationships than younger groups. The MLQ and its subscales showed moderate to strong negative correlations with self-esteem (rho = −.36 to −.63) and positive correlations with perceived stress (rho = .25 to .49). The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .93, ω = .92). The MLQ is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing loneliness in adults, enabling tailored interventions by serving as a basis for public health policies.

This study examines the interaction between desire for control and superstition in shaping learning outcomes among secondary school students, integrating Compensatory Control Theory. We conceptually distinguish desire for control—a dispositional motivation to act as a causal agent—from the need for control—a universal drive for order and predictability that can be satisfied through indirect mechanisms—drawing on the frameworks of Seligman (1975), Kay et al. (2009), and Ligneul (2021). Two studies were conducted in Spain. Study 1 (cross-sectional) showed that students with high desire for control outperformed those with low desire on a reinforcement-based computerized learning task. Study 2 employed a 2×2 factorial design, manipulating superstition through a fabricated documentary about crystal skulls. Results revealed a significant interaction: superstition improved learning among students with low desire for control while slightly reducing performance among those with high desire. These findings suggest that superstition may operate as a compensatory mechanism that satisfies the need for control among individuals with low motivation to exert it directly; however, it may be detrimental for those who prefer action-oriented strategies. Implications include tailoring environments to motivational profiles, exercising caution regarding the indiscriminate use of superstition due to its potential to reduce autonomy, and promoting consolidated cultural systems that act as legitimized guides for behavior.

First impressions are crucial in inferring personality traits and play a significant role in leadership selection. Research in Western societies shows that voters tend to prefer leaders whose facial features align with the situational context, dominant faces in conflict scenarios, and less dominant ones in cooperative settings. Limited political knowledge increases reliance on facial cues, a phenomenon also observed in children, who often demonstrate high consensus and predictive accuracy. This study examines whether, in cooperative contexts, a less dominant facial appearance predicts electoral success among voters with low political knowledge. A sample of children aged 9 to 12 was used to test the hypothesis that lower facial dominance is positively correlated with being chosen as a leader. Results confirmed the hypothesis: Children preferred candidates with less dominant features in a cooperative context, supporting the influence of appearance in leadership judgments. Furthermore, children and adults showed consistent criteria in identifying facial dominance, clearly distinguishing between dominant and nondominant faces. These findings validate the role of facial appearance as a heuristic in leader selection, particularly among naïve populations. They also confirm that contextual factors influence the impact of facial traits on social decision-making, underscoring the effect of appearance in shaping political and leadership preferences.

Research on individual differences in social network analysis has primarily focused on how personality traits influence individuals’ positions and behaviors within social structures. However, attachment research has consistently shown that attachment styles strongly affect how people form and maintain their interpersonal relationships. This study examined how attachment styles relate to different types of individual personal networks. A classification of personal networks was developed based on structural indicators of cohesion, transitivity, and subgroup configuration, among other measures. Density, fragmentation, and centralization emerged as the most discriminant metrics for clustering solutions. Results indicated that attachment styles have greater explanatory power than the Big Five model in accounting for distinct relational configurations. Specifically, secure attachment was associated with dense, noncentralized, and supportive personal networks, whereas avoidant attachment and openness to experience were linked to fragmented, modular, and less supportive networks. Sociodemographic variables showed the highest predictive value for the type of personal network.

The Super Skills for Life (SSL) program is a transdiagnostic preventive intervention based on a cognitive-behavioral therapy approach that has accumulated evidence supporting its effectiveness in reducing emotional difficulties in children. However, its long-term impact beyond a 1-year follow-up period remains to be thoroughly investigated. The primary aim of the current study was to evaluate, for the first time, the long-term outcomes of children who had received the SSL program approximately 6 years earlier. Specifically, the study examined short-term (post-intervention), medium-term (12-month follow-up), and long-term (an average 6.4-year follow-up) outcomes in an initial sample of 67 children (aged 6–8 years at baseline), with 34 participants (50.7% of the original sample) completing the long-term follow-up. Parent-report questionnaires were used to evaluate anxiety, depression, and anxiety-related interference in daily functioning. Results showed the greatest improvements at the 12-month follow-up, with significant reductions in symptoms across all outcomes compared to baseline. At long-term follow-up, most of these gains were maintained more than 6 years after the intervention, with significant reductions in 9 out of 12 outcomes evaluated, including the primary outcomes of anxiety and depressive symptoms and child anxiety-related interference in both parents’ and children’s lives. These findings provide new evidence of sustained symptom reductions in participants who previously received the SSL program and, to our knowledge, represent the longest follow-up to date, extending beyond the 1-year period.

People have the basic need to experiment control over the most important aspects of their environment. Even though the Sense of Control Scale is one of the most used instruments to measure sense of control, its psychometric properties have not been thoroughly assessed in a Spanish-speaking context. This preregistered study adapts the Sense of Control Scale into Spanish. To achieve this, 605 adults (Mage = 33.09, SD = 14.18) filled out an online questionnaire containing the relevant measurements. Evidence of the structure of two first-order dimensions and a second-order dimension was obtained (CFI = .960; TLI = .949; RMSEA = .044; RMSR = .039). The measure showed measurement invariance across gender at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. The perceived constraints and personal mastery dimensions, as well as the overall score of the Spanish Sense of Control Scale (SP-SCS) showed good reliability. Moreover, lower levels of sense of control, whether considering scores on its two dimensions (i.e., perceived constraints and personal mastery) or the overall score, were indicative of worse subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and happiness), greater psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress), and higher perceived financial threat. The findings of this study reveal that the SP-SCS is a promising instrument to assess sense of control in the Spanish-speaking population.

The Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS), developed by Clayton and Karazsia (2020), assesses the negative emotional impact of climate change on well-being. However, its psychometric properties have not yet been sufficiently explored for Spanish spoken in Spain and Spanish culture. This research introduces the Spanish version of the CCAS (CCAS–S), examines its psychometric properties, and provides validity evidence supporting its intended purpose. Two studies were conducted: first, the original version of the CCAS was translated into Spanish using a committee approach to translation design; second, 806 participants completed the CCAS–S along with additional assessment instruments to gather validity evidence. The 13-item Spanish version showed adequate reliability and internal structure validity evidence for the two-dimensional model, aligning with theoretical expectations. Nevertheless, a refined 10-item version distinguishing metacognitive impairment, emotional distress, and functional interference dimensions optimized the scale’s intended purpose. The study discusses the conditions for using the CCAS–S measures and its practical implications.

While rates of youth homelessness appear to be increasing across different countries, young people experiencing homelessness face particularly critical situations, with a notably high prevalence of mental health problems and extended histories of stressful life events. This article analyzes the life trajectories and current health and needs of 392 individuals experiencing homelessness (207 men and 185 women) in the city of Madrid (Spain). People who had first experienced homelessness during their youth (under the age of 30) were, on average, younger but had experienced longer and more frequent episodes of homelessness. They had also been exposed to multiple stressful life events early in life and had a higher prevalence of victimization and criminal justice involvement throughout their lives. Likewise, youth-onset homelessness was associated with lower use of healthcare services, increased rates of mental health diagnoses and suicide attempts, and more symptoms of anxiety, depression, and substance dependence. The ongoing adversity experienced by individuals who experienced youth-onset homelessness suggests that social support systems may be failing to address the needs of vulnerable families and children. These deficiencies may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of poverty and disadvantage, and lead to situations of greater hardship for people experiencing youth-onset homelessness.

The onset of an illness has the potential to induce profound changes in a person’s life. However, being diagnosed with a physical illness may not carry the same impact as being diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Among them, psychotic disorders exhibit the highest level of social stigma and acceptance challenges, along with compromised social functioning, diminished quality of life, and disruptions in personal, social, and vocational domains. The Impact of Illness Scale (IIS) measures how an illness has adversely affected a person’s life as perceived by that person. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the IIS in a sample of 141 people with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) (mean age 35.7 years, 51.8% female). The study explored the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and temporal stability of the IIS. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model showed an excellent fit of the data, confirming a one-factor structure, internal solid consistency (McDonald’s ω = .95; Cronbach’s α = .94), theoretically coherent convergent and discriminant validity with measures of internalized stigma, negative beliefs, symptoms of psychosis and general psychopathology symptoms, and moderate test–retest reliability. Overall, these findings support the IIS as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the subjective impact of psychosis, offering clinical and research utility for understanding patient experiences beyond symptom severity.

This study introduces the development and cross-cultural validation of the Compassion at Work Leadership Behavior Inventory (CAW-LBI), a novel hetero-evaluative tool aimed at assessing compassionate leadership behaviors according to the three-dimensional model proposed by Kanov et al. The present research consists of two studies. The first study involved two samples of Italian workers (N = 431) assessing the scale’s psychometric properties, including its factor structure through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. The results supported the hypothesized three-factor structure, with the best fit for a 9-item scale. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with high Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega values. AVE, CR, and the Fornell–Larcker criteria were satisfactory regarding convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the scale showed significant and appropriate Pearson’s correlations with other related measures. The second study includes 225 Spanish workers, confirming the 9-item structure and supporting all the findings from the first study. Further analysis showed strong measurement invariance across samples, indicating that the CAW-LBI reliably captures compassionate leadership behaviors in different cultural contexts. These results suggest that the CAW-LBI is a robust tool for assessing compassionate leadership in various organizational and cultural contexts, offering a valuable contribution to leadership research.

Rock climbing performance is affected by psychophysiological stress that can vary based on route difficulty relative to the climber’s ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychophysiological, emotional, and performance differences between climbers attempting a lead route above (CLLabove), at (CLL) or below (CLLbelow) their on-sight ability level. 61 intermediate to advanced climbers completed a single on-sight lead ascent. Measurements of climbing performance (technique, tactics, etc.), psychophysiological (heart rate, cardiovascular reactivity, cortisol, etc) and psychometric variables (somatic and cognitive anxiety, self-confidence) were taken before and after receiving the task instructions; and pre, during and post climb. The main findings of this study were: a) significant improvements in climbing performance with increased ability relative to the route (geometric entropy: p = .013); b) greater intensity of somatic (p < .005) and cognitive anxiety (p = .005) and lower self-confidence (p < .005) between CLLabove and CLL and CLLbelow; c) a significant difference in anticipatory HR between CLLabove and CLLbelow (p = .002), but no significant differences in salivary cortisol. Results suggested that increased difficulty relative to a climber’s ability, yielding an increased likelihood of a climber falling or being unable to complete the route, was likely to elicit a negative emotional response, increase anxiety, decrease self-confidence and disrupt performance.

The Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (Welk, 1999) has provided a specific framework to understand children’s and adolescents’ physical activity behavior. The objectives were (1) to analyze whether the data collected in Chilean and Spanish adolescents fit the proposed model and (2) to analyze the countries’ differences (Spain vs. Chile) in enabling, predisposing, and reinforcing as well as the demographic factors that influence physical activity. The sample comprised 2318 adolescents from Spain (Mage = 14.5, SD = 1.36; 51.9% females) and 734 from Chile (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.47; 54.2% females). The variables measured were reinforcing factors: fathers’, mothers’, friends’, and Physical Education teachers’ social support; predisposing factors: perceived competence and enjoyment; enabling factor: body mass index; and demographic factor: country of origin. Results showed that the youth physical activity promotion model was supported by the data collected from Spanish and Chilean adolescents. Nevertheless, differences in the model were observed when comparing the Spanish and Chilean populations. Perceived competence and the father’s social support predict Chilean adolescents’ physical activity. In Spain, perceived competence and the mother’s social support predict adolescents’ physical activity. Therefore, the country of origin is a key factor in understanding physical activity because education and family culture may influence physical activity in different ways.

Although attribution theory remains central to organizational science, most existing instruments originate in clinical psychology, rely on hypothetical vignettes, and exhibit notable psychometric shortcomings. To address these deficiencies, we introduce the Attributional Styles at Work Questionnaire (ASWQ), a measure grounded in realistic, empirically grounded work events. Informed by a systematic review that identified the occupational situations most likely to trigger attributional processing, the ASWQ samples this content domain comprehensively, thereby ensuring contextual relevance and providing initial evidence of content validity. Across independent employee samples drawn from distinct cultural contexts, sequential exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses produced a replicable, theoretically coherent factor structure with satisfactory reliability coefficients, supporting the instrument’s internal validity. The ASWQ assesses responses to positive and negative work events along two core attributional dimensions (i.e., locus of causality and stability). As predicted, optimistic versus pessimistic attributional styles correlated meaningfully with positive/negative affectivity, the Big Five personality traits, and self-determined work motivation, providing validity in relation to these established measures. Moreover, the findings reveal nuanced attribution patterns for negative events across work domains, challenging a simple valence-based dichotomy. By clarifying the cognitive processes that shape employee behavior, the ASWQ positions workplace attributions as a pivotal construct for advancing organizational research and practice.

Employee well-being has become an urgent issue due to the consequences of the pandemic crisis. Studies have suggested that prosociality could increase well-being, but we do not have a clear understanding about the mechanisms through which prosociality is related to well-being. The study aimed to identify some of these mechanisms. Building on the prosociality literature, we proposed and simultaneously tested five theory-driven mediators: the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs (relatedness, autonomy, and competence), rumination, and work meaningfulness. The study sample consisted of 200 employees, and a panel design with three data collection points was implemented. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that the relationship between prosociality and well-being was mediated by the satisfaction of the need for autonomy. The findings provide valuable empirical evidence about the role of prosocial behavior in fostering employee well-being. We further discuss implications for theory and research on prosociality and well-being.