People working directly on animal farms arguably have the most influence over their animals’ welfare. Farm-workers’ perspectives and knowledge of animal welfare affect their ability to meet the needs of animals and to address concerns related to animal welfare as they arise. This study investigates the perspectives of people working on broiler chicken farms in West Java, Indonesia. Thirty-eight participants consisting of owners and related staff completed a survey that comprised of 52 questions and that targeted four key topics. These topics were pain in chickens, knowledge of animal welfare, ability to identify welfare concerns in broiler chickens, and knowledge of welfare indicators in broiler chickens. A second survey investigated concerns of broiler chicken farm managers, by surveying 14 farm managers in West Java. Results revealed that all participants believe chickens can feel pain, and most believe that chickens are sentient. Sixty-five percent of the participants stated they understood the concept of animal welfare, and knowledge of animal welfare was significantly correlated with education level. Key concerns about broiler chicken farming were extreme weather resulting in difficulty sourcing clean water and rice husks for litter, and disease. Lack of procedures for culling sick and injured birds was also a significant welfare concern.

Switching from regular salt to potassium-enriched salt lowers blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, but this intervention is underutilised by healthcare professionals. We assessed Australian healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding regular salt and potassium-enriched salt for hypertension management. We used mixed-methods research including surveys to quantify KAP towards regular salt and potassium-enriched salt and semi-structured interviews to gather in-depth information about knowledge, attitudes and the barriers and opportunities for recommending potassium-enriched salt use in clinical practice. Participants were general practitioners, medical specialists and allied health professionals working in Australia and caring for individuals with hypertension. Ninety-nine participants completed the survey, and thirty-six participants completed interviews. Survey participants generally had high knowledge related to regular salt; most were aware of potassium-enriched salt (94 %), but only 49 % reported familiarity with it. Of those aware, 73 % considered it safe to use and 66 % knew of the blood pressure-lowering benefits. Only 14 % had recommended it in the previous 12 months, though most interview participants were willing to recommend it in the future. Key barriers to recommendation were limited knowledge about potassium-enriched salt, insufficient time to discuss use with patients and concerns about taste, availability and affordability. The key opportunity identified was incorporating recommendations and information about potassium-enriched salt into existing resources supporting hypertension management by clinicians. Healthcare professionals are mostly aware and supportive of recommending potassium-enriched salt but lack in-depth knowledge. Advice about using potassium-enriched salt needs incorporation into clinical education programmes and hypertension management systems.

The Good Shepherd of Miseeda project investigates remains in a section of the Mahas region in northern Sudan. Centred on a church built around an ancient petroglyph, integrated archaeological survey and ethnographic research trace millennia of cultural interaction, continuity and transformation that shaped the sacred and social landscape.

A key concern in the social policy literature is to understand the causes of support for – but also opposition to – egalitarian and inclusive policies and for political parties that champion such policies. While objective socio-economic factors such as class and gender have long had a central role as predictors of those attitudes in the social policy literature, scholars have more recently begun to incorporate psychological variables, notably right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) or implicit attitudes. Curiously, however, one variable that has been central in social psychological research for about three decades has so far been largely absent in the social policy literature: social dominance orientation (SDO). This omission is problematic not only because SDO is a known predictor of regressive and exclusionary attitudes, but also because SDO itself cross-cuts with other predictors of social policy attitudes (notably class) in theoretically relevant ways. Our contribution here is to highlight and demonstrate the relevance of SDO as an explanatory variable in social policy attitudes research. To do so, we draw on data from an original comparative survey covering five European countries (Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom) and the United States.

The Alta Murgia Archaeological Project investigates pre- and protohistoric settlement dynamics along the southern edge of the Murge plateau (south-eastern Italy). Surveys conducted between 2023 and 2024 revealed intensive exploitation of ecosystems at the interface between the lowlands and the plateau, and highlighted significant shifts in settlement patterns.

The expansion of aquaculture often faces challenges related to environmental impacts and social acceptance, particularly when involving exotic species. In Argentina, where marine aquaculture remains marginal, recent proposals for salmonid farming in Tierra del Fuego province (TDF) have sparked public debate, balancing economic development against environmental concerns. In response, the local government enacted Law 1135/2021, banning salmonid farming in the province. This study explores public attitudes toward exotic salmonid aquaculture in TDF using a mixed-methods approach, combining press discourse analysis with an extensive online survey. Results indicate strong public resistance to net-pen salmonid farming in the Beagle Channel, especially among TDF residents and individuals linked to environmental sciences. In contrast, land-based aquaculture and farming of native species receive more support. Most respondents doubt the economic benefits of salmonid farming, and nearly 80% of TDF residents support the ban. Notably, while there is strong opposition to new exotic introductions, most respondents do not support eradication of established salmonid populations, which are widely accepted due to their long-standing presence and importance for recreational fishing. These findings reflect the nuanced views of the local community and emphasize the need for socially informed and transparent regulatory frameworks for aquaculture development in ecologically sensitive regions.

The Tijuana River Valley along the US-Mexico border faces a severe environmental and public health crisis from contamination of the Tijuana River with untreated sewage, urban runoff, and industrial waste, leading to water and air exposure concerns. The County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency (CoSD HHSA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted 189 household-level surveys to assess experiences with the crisis and address concerns. Survey results revealed that ~96% of households were concerned about the crisis. Top needs included requests for action (64.3%) and air (38.2%) and water (27.1%) quality improvement. Subsequently, CoSD HHSA developed data-driven outreach programs and resources (e.g., provision of air filters), enhanced messaging (e.g., providing educational materials, promoting behavioral health hotlines) related to the crisis to address household concerns, and shared the results with other agencies (e.g., the water board) to promote further action and safety messaging.

Women volunteer more than men, yet it remains segregated by gender, with female volunteers underrepresented in maritime search and rescue (SAR) particularly in leadership roles. A cross-sectional online survey of 209 females volunteering in operational SAR with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution sought to understand their characteristics, motivations and improvement strategies. There was a lack of diversity with most white, highly educated, working full-time and in the top half of the index of multiple deprivation. Only half had previous maritime experience, most were crew and few held leadership positions. Respondents were motivated by giving back to the community, increasing self-esteem. Volunteers benefitted from role modeling although wanted equally demanding operational roles as men. Respondents demanded more women in SAR and female friendly equipment. Three internally coherent volunteer profiles emerged: civic; maritime; skills/career. While changes were ongoing, challenges relating to gender discrimination remained. Women reshape gendered security spaces through high-risk volunteering.

Trust remains the foundation of the financial system, whether digital or physical. Financial trust structures and governance are fundamental to the stability and perception of money in both traditional and digital environments. Financial systems are thus built on two interconnected forms of trust: public trust in societal institutions and inter-organisational trust among financial actors such as banks, businesses, and state agencies. At the core of many hybrid operations lies the objective of weakening public trust in state institutions and social cohesion. Everyday infrastructures such as digital payment systems become plausible targets in a hybrid threat campaign. This study therefore investigates the following research question, ‘How do different hybrid threat scenarios impact key value dimensions of consumer trust in digital payment systems?’, through a scenario-based multi-criteria threat evaluation survey conducted in Sweden, Finland, and Germany. The study suggests that hybrid threat preparedness must include psychosocial dimensions of technical diagnostics. Financial trust is simultaneously procedural and emotional, and hybrid actors are increasingly adept at targeting both. The evidence affirms the need for a re-conceptualisation of digital financial infrastructure as a domain of national security.

Cruz de la Boca (CDB) is a major Epiclassic hilltop center in northern Mesoamerica, located in the transitional zone between sedentary and mobile lifeways. Fieldwork in 2001–2002 by an INAH Zacatecas team mapped architecture, construction techniques, and surface materials in the site’s nuclear zone. Systematic pedestrian survey, total station mapping, remote sensing, and GIS documented more than 15 hectares of monumental and domestic architecture. In a region where only a few hilltop centers—such as Alta Vista, La Quemada, and La Ferrería—have been mapped to comparable standards, this article places Cruz de la Boca among the best-documented sites on the northern frontier. We highlight sunken patio compounds and smaller, hut-like Loma San Gabriel (LSG)-type foundations on outer benches, treating their spatial relations as a form of social stratigraphy. Topography, architecture, and controlled excavation of a looting pit provide stratigraphic, funerary, ceramic, and lithic data situating CDB within the Alta Vista phase (ca. a.d. 600–900). We argue that CDB refocuses the Loma San Gabriel problem by showing how lighter-built peripheral residences related spatially and socially to a Chalchihuites-style monumental core.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate knowledge about multiple-birth families among midwives and public health nurses working in maternity and child health clinics in Finland. The data were collected with a Finnish language questionnaire in spring 2022. Because relevant questionnaires did not exist, we created a new questionnaire based on existing knowledge and practices. The questionnaire assessed three themes of multiple-birth knowledge relevant for the target population. The response rate was 50% and the number of respondents was 72. A total of 92 items were assessed and these showed high levels of consistency within themes. The respondents had substantial variation in their levels of multiple-birth family knowledge concerning different themes (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < .001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed many significant differences between themes, the two themes of knowledge of speech development of twins and breast feeding having the lowest level of knowledge, while interaction and support expected by the parents having the highest level of knowledge. The respondents had good knowledge of only five themes of multiple-birth family knowledge. Of all the themes, only knowledge about breast feeding was not significantly related to other themes, except for a weak correlation (r = .264, p < .05) with knowledge about caring for twins and understanding the situation. The age, educational level and work experience of respondents did not significantly affect their scores (all p > .1). Although the respondents had knowledge about early interaction, bonding and supporting the growth and development of child, its application is insufficient or lacking because of the special needs of multiple birth families. Further research is required on the effectiveness of training interventions and on nursing in different nursing contexts.